Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIOCHEM Lesson 4
Carbohydrates
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Simple carbohydrates | Monosaccharides (single sugars) Disaccharides (double sugars) |
| Complex carbohydrates | Polysaccharides (many sugars) |
| Monosaccharides (C6H12O6) | Glucose Fructose Galactose |
| dextrose or blood sugar | Glucose |
| Primary fuel for the body | Glucose |
| Found in all disaccharides & polysaccharides | Glucose |
| fruit sugar | Fructose |
| Found in fruit, honey, syrup | Fructose |
| Converts to glucose in the body | Fructose |
| part of lactose | Galactose |
| Found in milk | Galactose |
| converts to glucose in the body | Galactose |
| Disaccharides | Maltose Sucrose Lactose |
| table sugar | Sucrose |
| Refined from sugar beets & cane | Sucrose |
| milk sugar | Lactose |
| missing digestive enzyme needed to split into two monosaccharide parts to absorb it | Lactose intolerance |
| breaks down the lactose in food so your body can absorb it | Lactase |
| malt sugar | Maltose |
| Found in germinating seeds & used in fermentation to produce malted beverages (beer, whiskey) | Maltose |
| Glucose + Fructose | Sucrose |
| Glucose + Galactose | Lactose |
| Glucose + Glucose | Maltose |
| Polysaccharides | Glycogen Starches Fibers |
| long chains of glucose found in animals | Glycogen |
| Stored in liver & muscles | Glycogen |
| Helps maintain blood glucose and important source of “quick energy”, esp. during exercise (lasts only about 12 hrs) | Glycogen |
| long chains of glucose found in plants | Starch |
| Cereal grains (wheat, rice, corn, etc.), legumes (beans & peas), and root vegetables (potatoes, yams) | Starch |
| mostly indigestible CHO; gums, mucilages, lignin | Fiber |
| Component of plant cell walls; Classified according to solubility in water | Fiber |
| Abundant in whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables | Fiber |
| non-viscous; cellulose, lignins | Insoluble Fibers |
| viscous & fermentable; pectins, gums, mucilages | Soluble Fibers |
| Carbohydrates present in digestion: mouth | Salivary amylase |
| Carbohydrates present in digestion: Stomach | Fibers and satiety |
| Carbohydrates present in digestion: Small Intestine | Maltase, sucrase, lactase |
| Carbohydrates present in digestion: Pancreas | Pancreatic amylase |
| Carbohydrates present in digestion: Large Intestine | -Fermentation of viscous fibers - Water, gas, short-chain fatty acid production |
| Regulates hormones – maintain glucose homeostasis | Blood Glucose |
| moves glucose from the blood into cells | Insulin |
| signals the liver to release glucose into the blood | Glucagon |
| released when emergency fuel needed | Epinephrine |
| Failure of insulin production | Type 1 diabetes |
| body becomes resistant to insulin -obesity | Type 2 diabetes |
| low blood sugar; rare in healthy people occurs when the level of glucose in your blood drops below what is healthy | Hypoglycemia |
| the changes in blood glucose after consuming a carbohydrate-containing food -- Glycemic index | Glycemic response |
| Sugar in excess | 1. Contains no nutrients and may ontribute to malnutrition 2. Causes dental caries (tooth decay) 3. Does not cause, but can contribute to: obesity, diabetes, heart disease, & behavorial problems |
Created by:
jayhellow
Popular Biochemistry sets