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US History Domain 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mercantilism | economic theory which stressed that the most powerful nation was the one with the most wealth, and that a nation should accumulate wealth by maintaining trade surpluses with all of its trading partners and by monopolizing trade with all your colonies |
| Trans-Atlantic Trade | trade links reaching across the Atlantic Ocean, manifested in part by what became known as the Triangular Trade. Connected Europe, Africa, and North America. |
| Southern Colonies | Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. All had fertile soil and grew cash crops like tobacco and cotton. |
| New England Colonies | Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire. Settled for religious reasons. |
| Mid-Atlantic Colonies | New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey. Had religious toleration and grew crops like wheat. |
| Middle Passage | the leg of the Triangular Trade which brought slaves from Africa to America. |
| Self-Government | The belief that people were politically able to govern themselves without the interference of a monarch or dictator |
| Salutary Neglect | Attitude in which colonial matters (laws and taxes) were solved by the colonists with little interference from England |
| Great Awakening | New belief that each believer should seek his or her own personal and emotional relationship with God. Not focused on traditional congregational |
| French and Indian War | (1754-1763) War between the British vs. the French and Indians over the Ohio River Valley. |
| 1763 Treaty of Paris | peace treaty ending the French and Indian War. Gave England all lands to the Mississippi River in North America, but were left with a large debt. |
| American Revolution | rebellion of the 13 English colonies from Georgia to New Hampshire fought between 1775 and 1781. |
| Proclamation of 1763 | act of Parliament which drew a line down the Appalachian Mountains to the west of which settlers could not cross for the simple reason that England did not want to pay for protecting them from the Indians. |
| Stamp Act | 1765 act of Parliament which required a special stamp to be bought and placed on each sample of printed paper, from newspapers and magazines to property deeds, marriage and professional licenses, diplomas, and even playing cards. |
| Intolerable Acts | 1774 acts of Parliament passed on the heels of the Boston Tea Party which included closing the Port of Boston, the Quebec Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, and the Quartering Act. |
| Sons and Daughters of Liberty | rebel colonial volunteers working for the independence of the colonies. Daughters would sew their own clothes so said clothes would not be purchased from England, and the Sons carried out covert activities like the Boston Tea Party. |
| Committees of Correspondence | groups of colonial volunteers willing to transport messages up and down the east coast of North America keeping the colonists informed of English actions against their independence endeavors. |
| Thomas Paine | wrote the pamphlet Common Sense which gave many the idea of joining the Patriot cause. |
| Common Sense | Thomas Paine’s 1776 pamphlet which sold 120,000 copies; argued why the colonists should break away from England. |
| Declaration of Independence | large piece of paper on which it was stated that the 13 states of the United States would have no more formal political ties with England than it had with any other country, signed by delegates from all 13 states. |
| Thomas Jefferson | wrote the Declaration of Independence with help from Adams and Franklin. Suggested that the colonies should declare independence from England and King George III |
| Committee of Five | the five Second Continental Congress delegates most responsible for drafting and getting accepted the Declaration of Independence: Jefferson, Franklin, Adams, Livingston, and Sherman. |
| French Alliance | February 6, 1778 agreement between France and the U.S. to fight against England until it recognizes American independence, secured after the 1777 victory over British forces at Saratoga, New York. |
| Benjamin Franklin | American founding father. First ambassador. Was successful in getting the French to join the American Revolution. |
| John Adams | American founding father and statesman. Successful in securing loans from the Dutch during the American Revolution. |
| George Washington | French and Indian War hero. Selected to lead the Continental Army against England. |
| Baron von Steuben | Prussian general who helped train and discipline Washington’s army at Valley Forge. |
| Marquis de LaFayette | French military officer who fought in the American Revolution and was part of the siege at Yorktown. |
| Valley Forge | Winter of 1777-1778 where Washington’s army nearly died of disease and starvation. Becomes the 1st boot camp in US history. |
| Trenton | Surprise attack on the British (Hessians) on Christmas Day, where Washington and his army crossed the Delaware River. |
| Saratoga | Turning point in the American Revolution. The US won a convincing battle in New York, and convinced France to join the war as an ally. |
| Yorktown | Final battle in the American Revolution. General Cornwallis surrenders to the Americans after being surrounded by French and American troops on the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | Treaty that ended the American Revolution and gave the colonies their independence. |
| Articles of Confederation | 1st form of national government in America. Created to make the federal government weak. Lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or establish currency. |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | laid the foundation for how western lands were surveyed and sold. Provided for land surveys and specified that tracts should be divided into “townships of six miles square.” |
| Northwest Ordinance 1787 | Established a government for the Northwest Territory, outlined the process for admitting a new state to the Union, and guaranteed that newly created states would be equal to the original thirteen states. |
| Westward Migration | The United States expanding across the Appalachian Mountains and to the Mississippi River into fertile farmland. |
| Public Education | Created in the Northwest Ordinance, the 16th section in a township would be dedicated to schools. |
| Slavery | banned in the Northwest Territory making the Ohio River the border between free and slave states. |
| Addition of New States | when the population of a territory reached 60,000 free inhabitants, the territory could apply for statehood. |
| Daniel Shays’ Rebellion | Uprising led by Daniel Shays. Led the US to create a new form of government that would need to be stronger |
| Constitution | Created in 1787. This document was created with separation of powers and limited government. It also created an executive branch and judicial branch. |
| Great Compromise | Agreement that grew out of the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan to create 2 legislative bodies in Congress based on population in the lower house (HoR), and equality in the upper house. (Senate) |
| Limited Government | basic principle of government which states that government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has rights that the government cannot take away |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Agreement to count three-fifths of slaves to the population. |
| Anti-Federalists | Wanted a weaker federal government. Became known as Democratic Republicans. Led by Jefferson. |
| Federalists | Wanted a strong federal government. Hamilton and Madison were the leaders. |
| Ratification | 9 of the 13 states were needed to approve the new Constitution |
| Federalists Papers | collection of essays by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton that explained the importance of a strong central government. |
| Alexander Hamilton | leader of the Federalists. First Secretary of the Treasury. |
| James Madison | father of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. |
| Bill of Rights | addition to the Constitution to appease Anti-Federalists and guarantee certain rights. 1st 10 Amendments. |
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Mr.Skeen
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