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Ch.2
Ch.2 Building a Nation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Clapboard | horizontal boards, the outer “skin” of a house |
| Queen Victoria | ruler of the British Empire and lived in Britain. People she ruled were called “Victorians” and came to the throne 1837 in her teenage years |
| Victorian | someone who lived during the era of Queen Victoria |
| Native Peoples | The original people of the Eastern Woodlands, was ignored & forgotten |
| to assimilate | to join the majority group and give up the traditions of one’s own group |
| “attitude” | aka “Victorians” because they were so sure of themselves & had few doubts |
| “gravity” | a kind of seriousness, particularly as the century wore on |
| parasol | a fancy umbrella to keep out the sun |
| smallpox | a deadly virus that was eradicated in every part of the world in 1980 |
| carnivores | flesh-eating |
| enmity | hatred |
| spasmodically | in spasms |
| carbolic acid | an acid compound present in coal tar that can be used as a disinfectant when diluted with water |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| Emily Stowe | Canadian woman who was born 1831, & one of the first female doctors |
| matriculation ticket | a piece of paper including that a student is enrolled in a course and will matriculate, or graduate |
| serial format | in weekly or monthly installments |
| droll | humorous |
| “blood sports” | brutal sports; bear-baiting, dog-and-bull fighting, bare-knuckle boxing |
| whist | a card game for four players divided into two teams |
| “teenager” | unknown in Victorian era, was used until the middle age of the 20th century |
| infrastructure | the community systems that make travel, communications, and businesses easier; ex. Roads, canals, transportation and postal service |
| Sarah Bernhardt | one of the 1st superstars, and was the most famous person in Europe |
| firebox | the steam boiler |
| bushel | an old measure of dry goods equivalent to roughly 35 liters |
| peck | one-quarter of a bushel |
| phrenology | the science of personality study based on the bumps of the persons head |
| federation | a federal union in which the members keep certain powers themselves, and give certain powers to a central government |
| external relations | dealings with other countries |
| Canadas | Upper and Lower Canada, whose names were changed to Canada West and Canada East – modern Ontario and Quebec |
| responsible government | a government in which the executive council is responsible to the legislative assembly, whose members are representatives of the people |
| John A Macdonald | born in Scotland, 1st prime minister 1867-1873 again in 1878-1891 |
| Lord Elgin | a well suited governor that believed in a responsible government and came from a wealthy well-connected family |
| mercantilism | an economic system based on colonialism. The home country takes raw materials in from its colonies and manufactures goods, which it sells for profit |
| Corn Laws | laws which protected British agriculture |
| depression | a period of low economic activity marked by high unemployment |
| treason | betrayal of one’s country |
| to culminate | to climax |
| Vincent Massey | The 1st Canadian to be appointed governor general, in 1952 |
| to annex | to incorporate a territory or country into another country |
| American Civil War | a war between the southern and northern American states over states’ rights. The divisive issue was slavery |
| whip | the person responsible for ensuring discipline and solidarity within a political party |
| George Etienne Cartier | was a wealthy businessman who had invested in and promoted railways. |
| “loose fish” | independent members if the Legislative Assembly |
| Clear Grits | so-called because a brave person has “grit” |
| Tories | owners of the middle ground in Canada West, and was led by John A. Macdonald |
| parti rouge | A small political group in Canada East led by Louis-Joseph Papineau. They hated the Act of Union and favored the American-style government |
| parti bleu | The most powerful political group in Canada East. They focused on the protection of French-Canadian rights and on the economic development of Canada East |
| George Brown | an imposing figure that had popular support all over Canada West. Also owned a newspaper to help spread his views |
| homogeneous | similar to everyone else |
| franchise | a special privilege granted to a group |
| sovereignty | the right to self-determination |
| Potato Famine | the failure of the potato crop in Ireland in 1840s, which caused widespread starvation and cause many people to emigrate |
| Fenian Raids | Irish society known as the “Fenians” planned to harm Britain by striking at Canada |
| constitution | the laws that set fourth the powers and the responsibilities of the government and guarantee the rights of the people |
| British North America (BNA) Act | A passed act in the parliament of Britain. It was in sharp contrast to the United States, which declared itself and nation, fought a revolution, defeated Britain and formulated its own rules. This helped create the Country of Canada today |
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