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BIOCHEM Lesson 3

Cell Division

QuestionAnswer
cells that make your organs and tissues somatic cells
none-somatic cells; sperm and egg sex cells (gametes)
division of somatic cells in eukaryotic organisms mitosis
a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent mitosis
non-dividing stage where cells grow in size and organelles are replicated interphase
this phase involves the replication of DNA, and synthesis of proteins interphase
these are nondividing DNA molecules in extended, uncondensed form chromatin
these are condensed DNA molecules prior to division chromosome
4-sub phases of mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase (Cytokinesis)
condensed chromosomes are captured by formed spindle fibers Prophase
chromosomes align along equator of the cell, with one kinetochore facing each pole Metaphase
sister chromatids separate toward opposing poles Anaphase
spindle fibers disintegrate, nuclear envelopes form around both groups of chromosomes Telophase
chromosomes revert to their extended state Telophase
how do plant cells undergo cytokinesis ? by forming a cell plate between the two daughter nuclei
how do animal cells undergo cytokinesis ? through the formation of a cleavage furrow
What is cell division of gametes called? Meiosis
A single germ cell divides into four unique daughter cells Meiosis
these are daughter cells have half the # of chromosomes as parent cell haploid
Refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in cells Ploidy
– one copy of each chromosome – designated as “n”, the number of chromosomes in one “set” - gametes haploid
– two sets of chromosomes - two of each chromosome – designated as “2n” - somatic cells Diploid
one of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes autosome
How many pairs of autosomes does a person have? 22
What type of cell division is asexual reproduction? mitosis
ingle-celled organisms reproduce by splitting, budding, cloning Asexual Reproduction
Fusion of two gametes to produce a single zygote. Introduces greater genetic variation, allows genetic recombination Sexual Reproduction
Homologues break at identical locations, then rejoin opposite partners. Crossing Over
Created by: jayhellow
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