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8th Grade SS
America, Africa, & Europe before 1500
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or false: The American Buffalo were a vital food source for many Native American groups. | True |
| True or false: Native American societies developed across Europe | False - they developed across NORTH & SOUTH AMERICA |
| What does "BC" stand for in dates? | "Before Christ": Dates get smaller as time passes, so the larger the number, the earlier the date |
| What does "AD" stand for in dates? | "in the year of the Lord" after Christ's birth: Dates get larger as time passes, so the larger the number, the later the date. |
| What three kingdoms of West Africa were the most powerful using trade to gain wealth? | Ghana, Mali, & Songhai |
| What is the Bering Land Bridge? | a strip of land between northeastern Asia and Alaska. It was created when the ocean level dropped due to the creation of glaciers during the Ice Age. |
| Why is the Bering Land Bridge important? | It allowed the Paleo-Indians to leave northeastern Asia and migrate to the Americas |
| What is migration? | a movement of people or animals from one region to another |
| What does hunter-gather mean? | people who hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food |
| Who are the Paleo-Indians and where did they come from? | a group of people from northeastern Asia who migrated to the Americas |
| What allowed Paleo-Indians to migrate to the Americas? | climate change which created the Bering Land Bridge |
| True or false: Major civilizations developed in Mesoamerica and South America. | True |
| What does environments mean? | climates and landscapes that surround living things |
| What does culture mean? | A group's set of common values & traditions, including language, government, and family relationships |
| Other than the Bering Land Bridge, what other way might the early people have traveled to the Americas? | by boat following close to the shoreline |
| How did Native American groups change over time? | They became less nomadic and settled in areas where they could become farmers, raise animals, and advance their society |
| What were the most important crops for the early Native Americans? | Maize (corn), beans and squash |
| What did farming allow the early Native Americans to do? | Stop moving around looking for food & to settle in one place |
| What happened when the early Native Americans population grew? | more advanced societies began to develop |
| What is Mesoamerican? | a region that includes the southern part of Mexico and the northern parts of Central America. |
| Who developed the earliest-known civilization in Mesoamerica? | the Olmec (1200 BC) |
| What are they Olmec known for? | use of stone in architecture and sculptures like pyramids & stone heads |
| What are the Mayas known for? | pyramids, large stone temples, palaces, brides, plazas for public gatherings & canals to control water flow through the cities |
| What theories (reasons) are there for the decline of the Maya civilization? | disease, soil exhaustion & long-term drought |
| What seven things were the Aztec known for? | fierce warriors with superior military ability; they controlled a huge trade network; creating a calendar; jade & stone carvings; medicinal herb use; maintenance of road system; & writing system |
| What four early civilizations existed in Mesoamerica and South America? | Olmec, Maya, Aztec, & Inca |
| What city was the center of the Aztec empire? | Tenochtitlan |
| Where was Tenochtitlan located? | on an island in Lake Texcoco |
| How did the conquered people pay the Aztecs? | cotton, gold and food |
| Who used their mathematics and observations of the heavens to create a calendar? | Aztecs |
| What language did the Aztecs speak that is still spoken in Central America today? | Nahuatl |
| Where did the Inca tribe begin? | Andes Mountains of South America |
| What was the capital city of the Inca empire? | Cuzco |
| What language did the Inca speak? | Quechua |
| What was the Inca empire's government like? | they had a strong central government with a king as a ruler |
| True or false: The Inca had a written language | False - they kept records with a knotted string (quipu) |
| What are the Inca known for? | massive buildings & forts, highway systems, paved roads, rope bridges, and art |
| True or false: Just a few simple Native American cultures developed across different geographic regions of North America | False - MANY DIVERSE Native American cultures developed across different geographic regions of North America |
| How have historians learned about the earliest people of North America when there were no written records? | by studying artifacts, or objects that they made and used |
| What is an artifact? | an object remaining from a particular historical period that can be studied |
| Who was one of the earliest farm cultures in North America? | Anasazi |
| Where were the Anasazi located? | North American Southwest - Four Corners region where Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico & Utah meet |
| What did the Anasazi grow? | maize, beans & squash |
| How did the Anasazi increase their food production? | irrigation |
| What skills were the Anasazi known for? | basket weaving & skilled pottery |
| What did the Anasazi live in? | pit houses dug into the ground & later they built pueblos and cliff dwellings |
| What is a pueblo? | an above ground house made of heavy clay (adobe) |
| What is a kiva? | an underground ceremonial chamber used for sacred religious ceremonies |
| What theories caused the Anasazi to abandon their villages and cliff dwellings? | drought; disease; raids by nomadic tribes from the north |
| Who were the Mound Builders? | Hopewell & Mississippians, |
| Why were the mounds built? | to honor the dead |
| True or False: There is only one North American culture area. | False: there are several |
| What are the two cultural areas in the far north? | Arctic & Subarctic |
| What is the Arctic region like? | few plants grow because the ground is always frozen beneath a thin layer of topsoil: harsh environment |
| What is the Subarctic region like? | milder winters with a rich supply of game, fish, and wild plants |
| What is the Pacific Northwest area known for? | Totem poles |
| What is a totem pole? | tall wooden poles with carvings of ancestor or animal spirits on them |
| What is a potlatch? | a feast where the host gives away belongings as gifts to display their generosity which increases their social status and power |
| What are the four early American culture groups? | North & Northwest; West & Southwest; Great Plains; Northeast & Southeast |
Created by:
kbieber2023
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