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Chapter 5
Populism & Reform
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| movement to increase farmers’ political power to work to pass laws in their interest & end corruption | Populism |
| the use of both gold and silver as a basis for a national monetary system | bimetallism |
| a law that established the federal government’s right to supervise railroad activities | Interstate Commerce Act |
| a law intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade | Sherman Anti-Trust Act |
| a reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, restore economic opportunities, correct injustices like child labor, poverty, illiteracy, and improve working conditions | Progressive Movement |
| belief that sharing ownership of the means of production equally among society would increase people's quality of life. (free access to basic life necessities) | Socialism |
| communities that provided support in education, healthcare, childcare, and employment resources to the urban poor and immigrants | settlement houses |
| writers/journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s | muckrakers |
| a law that established strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created a federal meat-inspection program | Meat Inspection Act |
| a law to halt the sale of contaminated foods and drugs and to ensure truth in labeling | Pure Food and Drug Act |
| a national banking system that controls the U.S. money supply and the availability of credit in the country | Federal Reserve Act |
| a law that made certain monopolistic business practices illegal and protected the rights of labor unions and farm organizations | Clayton Anti-trust Act |
| Which of the following marked the collapse of populism? | the election of William McKinley as President |
| Which of the following was the main interest of the Social Gospel movement? | A religious reform |
| Theodore Roosevelt believed it was important to set aside public land because: | he wanted it left unchanged for the enjoyment of future generations |
| The quote about moldy sausage is taken from: | The Jungle |
| What was one major effect of the publication of the excerpt about moldy sausage? | The federal government established new regulations for the food production industry and safety laws that caused people to want to change in industries |
| This cartoon, "No Molly-Coddling", illustrates President Roosevelt’s national reputation as a ... | trust buster. |
| Although he was previously a member of the Republican Party, what other party did Theodore Roosevelt represent in his 1912 run for President? | the Progressive Party (Bull Moose) |
| The idea that President Wilson explained about the strong crushing the weak was the basis of a program he called... | the New Freedom. |
| Which of the following institutions was one of President Wilson’s greatest achievements and is still the basis of the nation’s banking system? | Federal Reserve System |
| Which practice does the photo of children spooling thread show that Progressive leaders were trying to regulate? | child labor |
| President Theodore Roosevelt was very interested in the conservation movement that had evolved during the late 1800s. Which of the following best describes Roosevelt's role in the conservation movement? | He expanded the national park system and supported government policies that managed natural resources |
| Which of the following were ways that the government helped farmers when they started to try to undersell each other and made less money? Pick 3 | build silos created inflation used gold & bimetallism as a basis for money |
| Which of the following were problems (political and economic) that American farmers experienced in the late 19th century? Pick 4 | equipment debt and financial troubles droughts and pests lack of political support after the Civil War overproduction and low profit |
| Which of the following organizations did farmers use to help them with the political and economic problems? | The Grange Farmer's Alliance |
| All of the following are part of the Interstate Commerce Act | limited railroad rates that were "reasonable and just" forbade rebates to high volume users made it illegal to charge higher rates for shorter hauls |
| All of the following were goals of the Sherman Antitrust Act | prevent price increases allow businesses to succeed protect consumers from abusers regulate the business practices of companies like Standard Oil & Carnegie Steel |
| Party promoted the expansion of business and infrastructure, supported a strong protective tariff to shield American industry from foreign competition, and a “hard money” policy that tied the dollar to the gold standard | Republican |
| Appealed to White southerners, supported state and local control of government, opposed the protective tariff, and supported big business owners and bankers | Democrat |
| Platform of policies aimed at helping struggling farmers, called for government ownership of railroads to control shipping rates, supported a graduated income tax, & expanding the supply of money by coining silver as well as gold. | People's Party (Populists) |
| William J. Bryan said the US govt should allow silver & gold to be used. He ended his speech with, “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.” | Cross of Gold |
| All of the following were dangers of child labor | no education lower wages fatigue severe health problems and stunted growth |
| What act limited the working hours of children and forbade the interstate sale of goods produced by child labor? | Keating-Owen Child Labor Act |
| What was formed because of exploitation, low pay, and unsafe working conditions among workers? | Labor Unions |
| Eugene Debs organized the American Socialist Party in 1901. Which of the following are ideas they supported? (Pick 4) | Public ownership of businesses Minimum Wage Shorter working hours Worker's Compensation |
| In 1889, Jane Addams founded Hull House in Chicago for immigrants which provided places where workers could organize kindergartens, clubs, classes, playgrounds, festivals, and libraries for immigrants and others in the neighborhood. | settlement houses |
| Who was the muckraker, social reformer, and a Progressive photographer that captured the poverty, disease, and crime common in many of New York’s City’s immigrant neighborhoods? He published a book titled “How the Other Half Lives” | Jacob Riis |
| Who wrote a book in 1902 called “History of the Standard Oil Company,” where she described & exposed the company’s cutthroat methods of eliminating competition because she wanted to bring about “meaningful social change”? | Ida Tarbell |
| Progressives pushed forward their agenda of direct democracy through the passage of which state-level reforms? | direct primary referendum recall secret ballot |
| Which Amendment mandated the direct election of U.S. senators (replaced the previous system of having state legislatures choose senators) ? | 17th |
| What were Teddy Roosevelt's 3 C's in his Square Deal? | control of corporations consumer protection conservation of resources |
| Who negotiated a deal for the coal miners in PA in 1902 that included minor wage increases and an improvement in working hours which symbolized his belief that the fed govt should adopt a more proactive role and serve as a steward of all Americans? | Teddy Roosevelt |
| Youngest President, Nicknamed "the Trustbuster", created the Square Deal, Northern Securities Trust, Big Conservationist | Teddy Roosevelt |
| Hand-picked successor of Roosevelt, tried to follow the policies of his predecessor, publicly criticized for violating the principal of conservation, & angered people when he raised tariffs | William Taft |
| Created the New Freedom Campaign, Federal Reserve System, Clayton Anti-Trust Act, and Federal Trade Commission Act | Woodrow Wilson |
| What is the message/purpose of the political cartoon with the bears? | President Roosevelt has the "good trusts" under control and he has taken down the "bad trusts" |
| Who is the political cartoon depicting as making a mess out of Teddy Roosevelt's policies? | William Taft |
| Which Amendment gave Congress the power to collect taxes on people's income? | 16th |
| What is the message/purpose of this political cartoon titled "The Plight of the Farmers"? | This cartoon is a warning of the dangers confronting farmers and the nation |
| Roosevelt saw the presidency as a ________ from which he could influence the news media and shape legislation. Roosevelt used the presidency to publicly denounce “bad trusts”. | "bully pulpit" |
| Which of the following best summaries the message of the political cartoon with the lion tamer? | Roosevelt is fearless and trying to tame the wild lions that symbolize the powerful trusts. |
| Was the book in 1902 called “History of the Standard Oil Company,” which described & exposed the company’s cutthroat methods of eliminating competition a primary or secondary source? | secondary |
| What are the approximate coordinate points of Yellowstone National Park? | 45 N, 110 W |
| To what extent did reforms at the local and state level increase political participation? | Many reforms movements sought to shift the focus from larger corporate interests to more localized groups and focus on their needs- farmers and minorities |
| Which statements best explains why many business owners hired child laborers? Select the three correct answers. | Children accepted lower wages than adults did. Children were less likely to strike than adults were. Children's hands could handle small parts and tools. |
| a careful preservation & protection of something | conservation |
| Which factor most contributed to the growth of the railroads in the late 1800s and the early 1900s? | federal policies that encouraged construction |
| Which result most closely relates to the growth of the railroad industry in the late 1800s and the early 1900s? | increased movement of goods and people |
| Goals of the Progressives? | End child labor, expose corruption in gov't, improve working conditions and unsanitary living conditions |
| Achievements of Progressives? | Jane Adams Hull House, Muckrakers exposed corruption in meat plants, Meat Inspection Act, Food & Drug Act, 16th & 18th Amendments & child labor laws passed |
| Which event happened in1911 in New York City, when a fire started in a sweatshop that produced blouses causing 146 people to die which inspired reformers to work together to pass federal laws that protected the safety of workers? | Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire |
| Which muckraker wrote a book called The Shame of the Cities that exposed city bosses and political machines which led to several government reforms? | Lincoln Steffen |
| Which statement best describes a result of the development of railroad monopolies? | The federal government passed antitrust laws. |
| People experienced challenges with the industry, such as ___ by railroad monopolies. One solution that the People’s (Populist) Party proposed was to have the ___ control the railroads. | high shipping rates & low wages/Federal Government |
| Hine’s photographs and descriptions of young laborers were widely distributed and displayed. His compelling images of exploitation helped to convince the public of the need for child labor regulations. | Lewis Hines |
| Which muckraker used political cartoons to expose corrupt people and policies? | Thomas Nast |
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