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Chapter 5
Populism & Reform
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| movement to increase farmers’ political power to work to pass laws in their interest & end corruption | Populism |
| the use of both gold and silver as a basis for a national monetary system | bimetallism |
| a law that established the federal government’s right to supervise railroad activities | Interstate Commerce Act |
| a law intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade | Sherman Anti-Trust Act |
| a reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, restore economic opportunities, correct injustices like child labor, poverty, illiteracy, and improve working conditions | Progressive Movement |
| Organized by Eugene Debs- this party supported working together for the benefit of all (laws that ensured a minimum wage, shorter working hours, and workers compensation to increase people's quality of life) | Socialism |
| communities that provided support in education, healthcare, childcare, and employment resources to the urban poor and immigrants | settlement houses |
| writers/journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s | muckrakers |
| a law that established strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created a federal meat-inspection program | Meat Inspection Act |
| a law to halt the sale of contaminated foods and drugs and to ensure truth in labeling | Pure Food and Drug Act |
| a law created as an extension of the Sherman Antitrust Act, to stop labor-related violence, and protect the rights of unions | Clayton Anti-trust Act |
| The quote about moldy sausage is taken from? And What was one major effect of the publication of the excerpt above? | The Jungle; The federal government established new regulations for the food production industry and food safety laws |
| What was one major effect of the publication of the excerpt about moldy sausage? | The federal government established new regulations for the food production industry and safety laws that caused people to want to change in industries |
| Cartoon, "No Molly-Coddling", illustrates President Roosevelt’s national reputation as a ... Roosevelt saw the presidency as a ________ from which he could influence the news media and shape legislation. | trust buster; "bully pulpit" |
| President Theodore Roosevelt was very interested in the conservation movement that had evolved during the late 1800s. Which of the following best describes Roosevelt's role in the conservation movement? | He expanded the national parks and supported policies that managed natural resources to preserve for future generations |
| Which of the following were ways that the government helped farmers when they started to try to undersell each other and made less money? Pick 3 | build silos created inflation used gold & bimetallism as a basis for money |
| Which of the following were problems (political and economic) that American farmers experienced in the late 19th century? Pick 4 | equipment debt and financial troubles droughts and pests lack of political support & higher rates for shipping overproduction and low profit |
| Which of the following did farmers use to help them with the political and economic problems? | The Grange- organization Farmer's Alliance- national movement People's Party- government reform |
| All of the following are part of the Interstate Commerce Act | limited railroad rates that were "reasonable and just" forbade rebates to high volume users made it illegal to charge higher rates for shorter hauls |
| All of the following were goals of the Sherman Antitrust Act | prevent price increases allow businesses to succeed protect consumers from abusers regulate the business practices of companies like Standard Oil & Carnegie Steel |
| Party appealed to bankers/businessmen, promoted the expansion of business and infrastructure, supported the gold standard | Republican |
| Appealed to White southern bankers/businessmen, supported state and local control of government, and supported gold standard | Democrat |
| Appealed to struggling farmers, laborers, and minorities, advocated for reforms in LA's electoral process, supported limiting corps, and bimetallism | People's Party (Populists) |
| All of the following were dangers of child labor | unsanitary conditions, dirty and poorly ventilated, fatigue, severe health problems and stunted growth, dangerous and faulty equipment |
| What act limited the working hours of children and forbade the interstate sale of goods produced by child labor? | Keating-Owen Child Labor Act |
| Eugene Debs organized the American Socialist Party in 1901. Which of the following are ideas they supported? (Pick 4) | Public ownership of businesses Minimum Wage Shorter working hours Worker's Compensation |
| In 1889, Jane Addams founded Hull House in Chicago for immigrants which provided places where workers could organize kindergartens, clubs, classes, playgrounds, festivals, and libraries for immigrants and others in the neighborhood. | settlement houses |
| Who was the muckraker, social reformer, and a Progressive photographer that captured the poverty, disease, and crime common in many of New York’s City’s immigrant neighborhoods? He published a book titled “How the Other Half Lives” | Jacob Riis |
| Who wrote a book in 1902 called “History of the Standard Oil Company,” where she described & exposed the company’s cutthroat methods of eliminating competition because she wanted to bring about “meaningful social change”? | Ida Tarbell |
| Progressives pushed forward their agenda of direct democracy through the passage of which state-level reforms? | direct primary referendum recall secret ballot |
| Which Amendment mandated the direct election of U.S. senators (replaced the previous system of having state legislatures choose senators) ? | 17th |
| What were Teddy Roosevelt's 3 C's in his Square Deal? | control of corporations consumer protection conservation of resources |
| Youngest President, Created the Bull Moose party, Nicknamed "the Trustbuster", created the Square Deal, Big Conservationist | Teddy Roosevelt |
| Hand-picked successor of Roosevelt, tried to follow the policies of his predecessor, publicly criticized for violating the principal of conservation, & angered people when he raised tariffs | William Taft |
| Passed the Clayton Anti-Trust Act | Woodrow Wilson |
| What is the message/purpose of the political cartoon with the bears? | President Roosevelt has the "good trusts" under control and he has taken down the "bad trusts" |
| Which Amendment gave Congress the power to collect taxes on people's income? | 16th |
| What is the message/purpose of this political cartoon titled "The Plight of the Farmers"? | warning of the dangers confronting farmers due to the railroads taking advantage & led to the Interstate Commerce Act |
| Which of the following best summaries the message of the political cartoon with the lion tamer? | Roosevelt is fearless and trying to tame the wild lions that symbolize the powerful trusts. |
| Upton Sinclair wrote "The Jungle" about his first hand observations and experiences while in the meat packing plants. Is his book a primary or secondary source? | primary |
| To what extent did reforms at the local and state level increase political participation? | Many reforms movements sought to shift the focus from larger corporate interests to more localized groups and focus on their needs- farmers and minorities |
| Which statements best explains why many business owners hired child laborers? Select the three correct answers. | Children accepted lower wages than adults did. Children were less likely to strike than adults were. Children's hands could handle small parts and tools. |
| Which factor most contributed to the growth of the railroads in the late 1800s and the early 1900s? | federal policies that encouraged construction |
| Which result most closely relates to the growth of the railroad industry in the late 1800s and the early 1900s? | increased movement of goods and people |
| Goals of the Progressives? | End child labor, expose corruption in gov't, improve working conditions and unsanitary living conditions |
| Achievements of Progressives? | Jane Adams Hull House, Muckrakers exposed corruption in meat plants, Meat Inspection Act, Food & Drug Act, 16th & 18th Amendments & child labor laws passed |
| Which event happened in1911 in New York City, when a fire started in a sweatshop that produced blouses causing 146 people to die which inspired reformers to work together to pass federal laws that protected the safety of workers? | Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire |
| Which muckraker wrote a book called The Shame of the Cities that exposed city bosses and political machines which led to several government reforms? | Lincoln Steffen |
| People experienced challenges with the industry, such as ___ by railroad monopolies. One solution that the People’s (Populist) Party proposed was to have the ___ control the railroads. | high shipping rates & low wages/Federal Government |
| Hine’s photographs and descriptions of young laborers were widely distributed and displayed. His compelling images of exploitation helped to convince the public of the need for ____regulations. | Lewis Hines; child labor |
| Which muckraker used political cartoons to expose corrupt people and policies? | Thomas Nast |
| a careful preservation & protection of something | conservation |
| Cartoon of Teddy holding his nose... | Teddy made sure the meat scandal was investigated and addressed, investigation into the scandal, Meat Inspection Act was passed and signed by Teddy |
| Why do some historians describe the 15-day 1913 Louisiana Constitutional Convention as a failure? | The delegates focused on too many issues which kept them from solving the main issues- debt and drainage |
| Which Act gave the government authority to regulate how railroads operated and set rates for railroad services? | Hepburn Act |
| Which Act allowed Teddy Roosevelt and future presidents to designate federally owned historic or prehistoric structures and historical sites as national monuments? | Antiquities Act |
| What statement best demonstrates the purpose of the Collier's National Weekly News Paper? | Patent medicines were found to be ineffective and dangerous |
| Efforts of Progressives to improve working conditions of the labor movement... | Keaton- Owen Child Labor Act limited the working hours, Socialist Party emerged & supported laws, Labor Unions like the AFL emerged, Muckraker Lewis Hines took photos |
| Effects of Populism | Farmers organized themselves into the Grange and the Farmer’s Alliance, Populist Party formed and advocated for bimetallism |
| Causes of Populism | Economic hardship among farmers due to falling crop prices and overproduction and Farmers faced high transportation costs |
| This computer generated map of the Presidential Election of 1912 that is located in Textbooks across America is what type of SOURCE? | secondary |
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