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Chapter 3
Post Reconstruction and Jim Crow
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Laws passed in many southern states after the Civil War that were designed to regulate the labor, movements, and behavior of former slaves. | Black Codes |
| a labor system in which a planter would rent a portion of his land to a farmer who agreed to raise a cash crop and give a share to the farmer, in exchange for the land and access to a house. This kept them tied to the land and unlikely to leave. | Sharecropping |
| Laws enacted by southern legislators that restricted the freedom of African Americans and required separate-but equal public facilities for whites and for blacks | Jim Crow Laws |
| a type of entertainment featuring songs, dances, and comic routines based on stereotyped depictions of African Americans and typically performed by white actors with blackened faces | Minstrel Show |
| a law passed by the Louisiana State Legislature in 1890 which required "equal, but separate" train car accommodations for Blacks and Whites. | Separate Car Act |
| a tax that had to be paid before a person could vote | Poll tax |
| a law that gave a person the right to vote if he could demonstrate that his father or grandfather had been a voter before 1867 | Grandfather Clause |
| racial separation established by law | Dejure Segregation |
| racial separation established by practice and custom | Defacto Segregation |
| informal execution for an alleged offence without a legal trial | Lynching |
| Which viewpoint on the Jim Crow Laws is expressed in the cartoon with the 2 railcars? | Jim Crow Laws provide separate, but not equality |
| Which explains why former Confederates (Democrats) were unable to vote during the time of military Reconstruction? | They were unable to take an oath that they had been loyal to the Union & were disenfranchised for not accepting Amendments |
| The Plessy vs. Ferguson Supreme Court case legally established... | The separate, but equal concept |
| How did the Supreme Court’s Plessy v. Ferguson ruling impact southern legislatures? | They passed additional segregation statutes to segregate every aspect |
| When Homer Plessy was arrested for refusing to move from the "whites only" rail car, which Constitutional Amendment did Plessy's lawyers argue that his arrest violated? | 14th amendment |
| This amendment abolished slavery | 13th amendment |
| granted citizenship and equality FOR ALL regardless of race (1866) | 14th amendment |
| voting for all MEN over 21 (1869) | 15th amendment |
| Why could farmers never escape sharecropping? | They got into a cycle of debt that they could not repay because they were simply too poor |
| Act intended to guarantee freedmen equal treatment in public accommodations, such as hotels, public transportation, schools, but in 1883, the Supreme Court ruled that the public accommodation sections of the act were unconstitutional? | Civil Rights Act of 1875 |
| Which group believed that white people are superior to others because of their race and formed political and social groups to promote whites and oppress blacks? | White Supremacists |
| Which groups were known for racially motivated murders, assaults, death threats, cross burnings, and attacks on homes and they used violence to intimidate blacks and Republican voters? | Ku Klux Klan & White League |
| What was the goal of the Ku Klux Klan & the White League? | They wanted to terrorize and intimidate African Americans through violence |
| Which public facilities were affected by Jim Crow Laws in LA? | Railroad depots, streetcars, & circuses |
| The election results were evenly split between Republicans and Democrats. How were Louisiana’s March 1868 elections affected by the disfranchisement of a large number of Democrats? | Republicans took control of the state government |
| Which statement describes an action taken by white southerners who opposed the principles in the Louisiana Constitution of 1868? | They founded groups known as the Ku Klux Klan & White League |
| Which statement explains why the state legislature passed the new Louisiana Constitution of 1868? | Reconstruction laws required Louisiana to abolish slavery and provide rights to African Americans |
| Which conclusion can be drawn about the Constitution of 1868? | The 1868 Constitution was written by Republicans seeking African American support |
| What did Democrats add to the LA Construction of 1898 to restrict African Americans from voting? (4) | poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause, & property requirements |
| She used journalism, lectures and political organization to promote rights for African Americans, women’s suffrage, and to bring awareness of the horror and injustice of lynching. She also helped Dubois found the NAACP. | Ida Wells |
| He believed African Americans should strive for economic independence and not challenge white supremacy. He also founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 | Booker T. Washington |
| He believed the best course for African Americans to achieve equal rights was through education and political defense. and he strongly disagreed with Washington’s approach. He founded the Niagara Movement. | W.E.B Dubois |
| Her life work focused on the notion of racial uplift and her words—“Lifting as we climb”—became the motto of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), the group she helped found. | Mary Church Terrell |
| A Newspaper image from Post Reconstruction a primary or secondary source? | secondary |
| Which LA Constitution is illustrated in the polit. cartoon, We Accept the Situation when its clear the AA man is excited about his vote and the white man is not happy he was disfranchised? | Constitution of 1868 |
| Which Amendment in the political cartoon with the elevator poking fun of? | 15th |
| Poll taxes restrict... | voting |
| Segregated movie theatres restrict... | public accommodations |
| Segregated sports teams restrict ... | education |
| Segregated buses restrict... | transportation |
| What were the long term effects of Plessy vs. Ferguson & Racial Discrimination? | “Separate but equal” was just pretended, Promised equality but was denied their freedom, and Denied the right to vote through voting restrictions and fear. |
| Bourbon democrats and white supremacists used ______________________ to keep control of the government. | violence, fear & unfair legislation |
| the right to vote | Suffrage |
| taking away someone’s right to vote | Disfranchised |
| Helped establish Louisiana's 1868 Constitution and was the first African-American to serve as a U.S. state governor. | PBS Pinchback |
| Because of their race, blacks were denied admission to the land-grant universities so a second Act had to be created to address the race relations. | Morrill Act of 1890 |
| Life for African Americans was hard in the South. The Separate Car Act required different cars and seats for blacks and white and Jim Crow Laws established racial segregation and unequal treatment of blacks. | Causes of the Plessy vs Ferguson Court Case |
| Southern states were given power to pass more laws, nearly every aspect of life became segregated from hospital blood to park benches, & the LA State Const. of 1868 was changed by the Bourbon Dems to estab. voting requirements that restricted blacks. | Effects of the Plessy vs Ferguson Court Case |
| Black Code in LA... | AA men had to carry a permit, could not congregate or assemble, could not carry a gun, and would be fined/serve jail time, or work for free |
| Which statement describes an action taken by white southerners who opposed the principles in the Louisiana Constitution of 1868? | They founded a groups known as the Ku Klux Klan and White League |
| Which organization is America's oldest and largest civil rights organization whose mission is to ensure the political, educational, equality of minority group citizens of States and eliminate race prejudice. | NAACP |
| What do we call the institutions of higher education in the United States that were established with the intention of primarily serving African Americans? | HBCU- Historically Black Colleges and Universities |
| Ida Wells and Mary Terrell worked to educate black women to help end discrimination and helped found the NAACP. | Social |
| Sharecropping put farmers into debt where they constantly owed money and were tied to the land. | Economic |
| Dejure segregation was required by LAW and included the Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws. | Political |
| End of Reconstruction... | President Rutherford Hayes promised to remove troops, Southern Democrats ignored calls for equality and wanted to recreate race relations prior to the war, Democrats supported Hayes in exchange for votes |
| Which political party was in power when African Americans legislators in office were increasing between 1868-1872? Why was there such a steep decline African American legislators in the late 1870s into the 1900s? | Republicans; Democrats gained power and began to make changes to voting restrictions |
| A real black and white surviving photo of Homer Plessy would be an example of what type of source? | primary |
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AmericanLOJH8th
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