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Chapter 2
Westward Expansion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A spiritual movement that was believed to bring about a renewal of the earth and a return of the bison, and was seen as a threat by the U.S. government. | ghost dance |
| A U.S. law in 1862, provided 160 acres in the West to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of household and would cultivate the land for five years. It attracted people who wanted to be self-sufficient and independent from large cities. homestead | Homestead Act |
| Laws enacted in 1862 to help create agricultural colleges by giving federal land to states. | Morrill land grant |
| African Americans who migrated from the South to Kansas to settle in the Great Plains to farm | Exodusters |
| A railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, completed in 1869. | Transcontinental Railroad |
| The 19th-century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory. | Manifest Destiny |
| Frederick Jackson Turner’s idea that the existence of a frontier line, which marked the edge of American settlement, was an important factor in shaping American culture and society | Frontier Thesis |
| An area of land reserved for a tribe or tribes under treaty or other agreement with the United States, executive order, or federal statute where the federal government holds title to the land in trust on behalf of the tribe . | Reservation |
| A law, enacted in 1887, that was intended to “Americanize” Native Americans by distributing reservation land to individual owners. | Dawes Act |
| A minority group’s adoption of the beliefs and way of life of the dominant culture. | assimilation |
| What impact did the Transcontinental Railroad have on the United States? | encouraged westward migration and economic expansion |
| Which of the following were motivations for migration west or the "American Dream"? | Manifest Destiny, California Gold Rush, faster travel to the West by railroad, and opportunity to own land, to escape prejudice, persecution, or war |
| Which immigrant group came to the US with dreams of finding gold but instead was considered cheap labor and helped to build the Transcontinental Railroad? | Chinese |
| List some PULL factors for westward migration? | gold rush, free land, farming & cattle |
| List some PUSH factors for westward migration? | poor farmland, droughts, plagues, & over crowding, prejudice/persecution & war |
| List some difficulties that Native Americans had on reservations? | poverty, malnutrition, low standards of living, conversion to Christianity, & extermination of the buffalo |
| Name some reasons for buffalo extinction. | selling if their hides, white hunters overkilled, & railroads made it easy to transport their hides |
| Explain the Dawe's Act. | The Dawe's Act confiscated the Native's lands & forced them onto reservations |
| In the Morrill Land Grant of 1862, which group of people were included in the stipulation and must be included in the U.S. Land Grant University Higher Education System without discrimination? | African Americans |
| After both sides of the treaty were violated, George A. Custer and his regiment spotted a group of Sioux and Cheyenne warriors and attacked-nicknamed Custer's Last Stand. | Battle of Little Big Horn |
| Sitting Bull was ordered to be arrested and then killed and the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered as many as 300 unarmed Sioux and leaves the corpses to freeze-last battle of the Indian wars. | Wounded Knee Massacre |
| Native Americans were forced to adapt to what way of life? | American White |
| The photographs below of a young Native American before and after assimilation are an example of what type of source? | Primary Source |
| Which 2 reasons best explain why the Exodusters migrated to Kansas during the late 1800s? | to acquire inexpensive land & to escape racial discrimination |
| How did the gold Rush affect the economics and development of the West? | wealth for prospectors/mines and increased population |
| Why was there population growth in the Great Plains? | free land from the government and false advertising about how great it was out West |
| In the late 1800's, population ______________. What began to be built near the railroad tracks? | increased; settlements and towns |
| Why were the cities in the West more diverse than in the East? | Railroad were cheap and brought minorities to the West for better opportunities |
| Which of the following best explains the changes in reservations from 1819 to 1894? | Influx of people from the east coming to settle the west needed more land. |
| Using the diagram of the railroad network, what was significant about the locations of the rails? | All near towns/cities for shipping. |
| Which of the following were problems faced by pioneers or homesteaders? | droughts, locust/grasshopper plague, raids by Native Americans, blizzards |
| How does the image of the angel depict the concept of Manifest Destiny? | Following her to spread out West |
| Which statements best describe ways that railroad expansion changed the lives of Native Americans? | They had to depend on the federal government for survival. They had to relocate to land with fewer resources. |
| Which of the following are true about pioneer women? | Life was difficult and required a great deal of strength, they helped build homes and communities, established churches, and schools, helped plow the land, planted, harvested, make clothes, hauled water from wells, doctored snakebites to crushed limbs |
| Mexican Americans | given land through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and they often ended up with the lowest paying and less desirable jobs. |
| cowboy | animal herder who tends cattle on ranches nd often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks such as helping care for horses, repairing fences and buildings, working cattle drives, and in some cases helping establish frontier towns. |
| farmers | found land that could support a thriving agricultural economy and many set up large-scale operations, mostly cultivating and harvesting wheat |
| miners | traveled West looking for valuable minerals, such as gold and silver and a chance to strike it rich |
| trappers | skilled at setting traps and skinning animals, lived alone in remote areas, braved harsh weather conditions and dangerous wildlife, and encountered tribes protecting their territory |
| Social Structure | Women farmed and gathered, while men hunted. Some tribes gave up agriculture altogether to become nomadic buffalo-hunters. They constructed teepee shelters |
| Food | beans, squash, corn (maize), fish from rivers, buffalo |
| Cultural Practices | sun dance and ghost dance, music through ceremonial pipes and drums, intricate details to their clothing like quillwork and beadwork, storytelling, face/body painting and piercings, pottery, baskets and dolls |
| Geography | near rivers or water for agriculture, food, travel, and trade |
| All of the following are ways that the US policies affected Native Americans. | Dawes Act took land and forced assimilation, Homestead Act gave their land to pioneers, and stripped of culture through assimilation |
| pioneer/Homesteaders | migrants who came out west in along wagon trails in their covered wagons to make a stake in the country and claim land |
| How does the picture properly depict the policy of Assimilation? | Native Americans were forced to adapt to the “American White” way of life. |
| CAUSES of Native American Assimilation | President Cleveland passes the Dawes Act and the Federal Government forcibly removed children from their families and sent them to boarding schools |
| EFFECTS of Native American Assimilation | Loss of language and culture and Significant land loss which led to the growth of reservations |
| What does Fredrick Jackson Turner say is the true point of view in the history of this nation? AND What is the most important effect of the frontier? | Great West and Democracy |
| What was the effect of boarding schools like the Carlisle School on Indigenous cultures? | Indigenous Peoples were forced to believe that traditional indigenous ways of life were wrong and assimilate into white culture |
| What were the large farms (0ver 3,000 acres) established out west that conducted large-scale operations, mostly cultivating and harvesting wheat? | bonanza farms |
| The computer generated map that is located in a National Geographic Magazine is what type of source? | secondary |
| Which 3 states did Exodusters migrate to and establish black towns? AND What happened to Kansas population between 1860-1880 as a result of this migration? | Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri; it majorly increased |
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