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Chapter 4
Industrialization...
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name of the 2nd period of change caused by industrialization, immigration, and urbanization after the Civil War. | Second Industrial Revolution |
| A shift to the widespread use of machines and factories to produce goods | Industrialization |
| an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members’ interests | Labor union |
| a refusal to work organized by a body of employees as a form of protest, typically in an attempt to gain something wanted/needed | Strike |
| Large-scale manufacturing done with machinery. | mass production |
| Legal entity that is separate from its owners that has the power to conduct BIG BUSINESSES. The purpose is to benefit shareholders who issue and sell stock or shares of that company. | corporations |
| A policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants. | nativism |
| Complete control over an industry’s production, wages, and prices. | monopoly |
| an arrangement whereby a person (a trustee) holds property as its nominal owner for the good of one or more beneficiaries. | trust |
| The formation or growth of cities. | urbanization |
| In response to the strike connected with the passage from the starving Citizens of Pullman, the U.S. Government: | President used federal troops to stop the strike and continue rail transit, workers struggled with long hours and low wages |
| How did monopolies and trusts enable businessmen like Carnegie and Rockefeller to become among the richest and most powerful men in the world? | They bought out/ eliminated competition and allowed certain businessmen to control entire industries. |
| The cartoon with the octopus depicts which of the following businessmen? What is the illustrator's purpose of this political cartoon with the octopus? | John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil monopolies held complete control over the federal government and industries like oil, coal and manufacturing. |
| The outcomes of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, Homestead Strike, and Pullman Strike revealed that: | laborers could organize to enact change in the work place for better pay, treatment, and conditions |
| What message is the cartoonist sending with the size of the monopolists in "The Bosses of the Senate"? | The monopolists have more power to influence the government, large men symbolize the power of trusts, and small men are Senators |
| Which of the following were causes of the Industrial Revolution? Pick 4 | natural resources, such as oil, steel, etc... labor force (more immigrants) & mass production (new & efficient) transportation & agricultural innovations corporations |
| List three descriptions under positive effects of industrialization. | new products higher wages for some jobs for immigrants |
| List three descriptions under negative effects of industrialization | child labor dangerous long hours |
| Put three immigration factors under push. | crop failure and famine land and job shortages religious persecution |
| Put three immigration factors under pull. | Freedom/democracy in America Land of economic opportunity (jobs) Personal/religious freedom |
| America became know as the "Melting Pot". What 2 countries did the greatest number of immigrants come from and what city did the greatest amount of them settle? | Irish/German New York |
| What was the East coast immigration port called that was located in New York Harbor and known as the Golden Door that was used for primarily European immigrants? | Ellis Island |
| What west coast immigration port is located in California and was used by over 50,000 Chinese immigrants and other Asians? | Angel Island |
| Which of the following were difficulties immigrants faced while being admitted into the USA? Pick 3. | physical examination literacy test show they had some money |
| Which of the following were challenges immigrants faced once admitted into the USA? Pick 3. | finding a place to live finding a job understanding an unfamiliar language and culture realization that they had false hopes of easy riches and a comfortable life. |
| What act imposed a head tax of 50 cents on each immigrant who arrived by ship at a US port? It gave officials the authority to reject immigrants who had a criminal record, were mentally disabled, or who were unable to take care of themselves. | The Immigration Act of 1882 |
| What act banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials. They became ineligible for citizenship and it remained in place for more than sixty years? | Chinese Exclusion Act |
| Select all of the innovations in the late 1800's. | telephone electric streetcar automobile/airplane shopping catalogue typewriter small household appliances |
| What was the time period from 1870-1890 where few Americans lived lives of riches and gold but there were many who experienced poverty and suffering? | Gilded Age |
| What were Americas wealthiest entrepreneurs called because they were criticized for making millions off the labor of those they employed? | robber barons |
| Standard Oil Company of Ohio controlled 90 percent of the refining business. He reaped huge profits by paying his employees extremely low wages and driving his competitors out of business by selling his oil at a lower price than it cost to produce it. | John D. Rockefeller |
| Steel Company made steel. They donated about 90 percent of his wealth to support the arts. | Andrew Carnegie |
| Shipping and railroad tycoon. He had a steamship service that moved prospectors from New York to San Francisco. The only donation he made was $1 million to build a university. | Cornelius Vanderbilt |
| He was a powerful businessman, a master of finance, controlled the steel industry, organized America's railroad system, and created a banking system. | JP Morgan |
| First female self-made millionaire in America. She developed and marketed a line of beauty and hair products for black women. | Madam CJ Walker |
| The process in which he bought out his suppliers— coal fields and iron mines, ore freighters, and railroad lines—in order to control the raw materials and transportation systems. | vertical integration |
| To buy out competing steel producers known as , where companies producing similar products merge. | horizontal integration |
| All of the following were reasons why people were drawn to the cities which caused urbanization | Natural and economic disasters Promise of industrial jobs Mechanization |
| Select all of the following that were problems that arose due to urbanization. Pick 5. | overcrowded housing and fires mass transit transportation to meet the demand contaminated water filthy streets, sewage and pollution crime |
| All of the following were problems with tenement housing | Overcrowding & unsanitary People dumping trash into air shafts rat infestation |
| The person depicted in the cartoon, "That's What's the Matter" is ? AND This political cartoon represents which of the following political trends during the Gilded Age? | William "Boss" Tweed the rise of political machines, marked by corruption and community aid. |
| The city bosses controlled the city’s finances and would often bribe and commit fraud to get votes. Some saw this as illegal use of political influence for personal gain-kickbacks, which is called... | graft |
| During the nineteenth century, one way political bosses gained voter support was by... | making improvements in urban infrastructure (houses, food, heat), jobs, and police protection |
| Old immigrants primarily came from Europe and were welcomed because they had skills. New immigrants primarily came from Asia and China and were met with hostility because most were poor and unskilled. | True |
| Where did the majority of immigrants most likely find jobs in the late 1800s and the early 1900s? and WHY did they find jobs here? | the Northeast; many factory jobs that required little skills |
| If YOU research the ancestry of your great-grandparents arrival in America at Angel Island and write a book about your family, would this be a primary or secondary source? | secondary |
| "In the new machine-assisted production process, a worker might sit for hours at a leather-stitching machine stitching leather soles to “uppers.” Another worker would focus on putting holes and grommets where the shoes would be laced. Yet another ..." | Division of labor |
| What are the the effects of immigration? | diffused more traits into American culture overcrowding in cities construction of tenement buildings increased unemployment rates |
| Which statement best describes the message of the political cartoon, A Modern Colossus of (Rail) Roads? | Industrialists like Vanderbilt were gaining too much power and wealth. |
| a French term meaning “let it be” - opposes government intervention in business affairs | Laissez-faire |
| a run down and often overcrowded apartment, in a poor section of a large city | Tenement |
| Vanderbilt, Morgan, Carnegie, and Rockefeller... | Captains of industry, robber barons for making millions off those they employed, and philanthropists and givers of charities |
| The cartoon with Uncle Sam and Ellis Island shows... | concern about immigrants arriving, Americans are NOT happy about the overcrowding, and Americans want Uncle Sam to put restrictions on immigrants |
| Who created the AFL, which was the first and largest labor Union? AND According to the Source, what does he say the working man wants? | Samuel Gompers, need more time and 8 hour work days |
| The US changed from a farming economy to an industrial economy which developed a ____- where buyers freely decide what to buy and producers who make goods decide what to make and sell. | free market |
| The actual political cartoon created by Thomas Nast in 1880 is what type of source? | primary |
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