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TCI Lessons 13 & 14
Industrialization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bessemer process | a method of steelmaking invented in 1855 that enabled steel to be made more cheaply and quickly |
| horizontal integration | a corporate expansion strategy that involves joining together as many firms from the same industry as possible |
| vertical integration | a corporate expansion strategy that involves controlling each step in the production and distribution of a product, from acquiring raw materials to manufacturing, packaging, and shipping |
| laissez-faire | the idea that the free market, through supply and demand, will regulate itself if government does not interfere |
| capitalism | an economic system in which factories, equipment, and other means of production are privately owned rather than controlled by government |
| monopoly | a company that completely dominates a particular industry |
| child labor | child labor: the practice of using children as manual laborers |
| Haymarket Affair | a violent clash in 1886 between union supporters and Chicago police that divided and weakened the labor movement |
| Homestead Strike | an 1892 Carnegie Steel plant workers' strike that was broken by the state militia and resulted in the union being shut out of the plant for four decades |
| Pullman Strike | an 1894 railway workers' strike that was broken by federal troops, weakening the labor movement |
| working class | people who work for wages in factories, mills, mines, and other businesses, usually performing manual labor |
| sweatshops | a small factory where employees work long hours under poor conditions for low wages |
| strike | a labor action in which workers refuse to go to work |