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Communication

Aspects of a communication system

TermDefinition
Handshaking An agreement about which protocol to use to accomplish the exchange of information.
Bits per second The maximum number of bits that can be transmitted in one second.
Baud rate The maximum number of data symbols or electrical signals that can be transmitted in one second.
Parity checking A method of checking for errors in data transmission using an additional bit called a parity bit.
Checksum a method of checking for errors in data transmission by counting the number of bits in a data packet.
Cyclic redundancy check A method of checking for errors in data transmission using a division process. The data is divided into predetermined lengths and divided by a fixed divisor.
Protocols A set of rules that governs the transfer of data between computers.
TCP/IP A common set of rules for data transmission and error detection across the Internet. It works by breaking information into smaller packets of data
Handshaking Involves sending signals to indicate the type of protocol to be used for an agreement to be reached.
HTTP A protocol that enables the user to send and retrieve files using the Internet. HTTP allows access to Web pages that are based on hypertext.
FTP A protocol used to enable the client computer (user) to log on to the server. FTP is the oldest form of remote file access for the Internet.
POP A protocol that specifies how email messages may be exchanged between a computer and the ISP.
Local area networks Connect computers within a building or group of buildings on one site.(LAN)
Wide area networks Connect computers over hundreds or thousands of kilometres.
Star topology Has a central computer with each device connected directly to it.
Ethernet Ethernet allows data to be transmitted simultaneously to all nodes on the network in both directions.
CSMA/CD all nodes have the ability to sense signals on the network. When a node wishes to transmit, it ‘listens’ to the bus for signals.
A file server A controlling computer in a network that stores the programs and data shared by users.
A mail server A computer in a network that provides email facilities. It stores incoming mail for distribution to users and forwards outgoing mail to appropriate devices.
A Web server A computer in a network that provides a connection to the Internet. All the Internet traffic is directed through this server.
Router A device that determines where to send a data packet between at least two networks.
Switch A device that directs data packets along a path. It may include the function of a router.
Twisted-pair Consists of two thin insulated copper wires, twisted to form a spiral. Twisting reduces the amount of interference from other cabling.
Coaxial cable Consists of a single copper wire surrounded by an insulator, grounded shielding and an outer insulator.
Fibre-optic Uses a laser of light to carry data in small glass fibres about the diameter of a human hair. It is free from electromagnetic and radio interference, is very secure and can transmit data at high speeds without errors.
microwave A high-frequency radio signal sent through space in a straight line from one antenna to anothe
Satellite A specialised receiver and transmitter that is launched by a rocket and placed in orbit around the earth.
Popular Standardized Tests sets

 



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