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Chapter 1&2 Question
Ch. 1&2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who were the first americans, how did they get here and when? | Migrants from Asia The land bridge after the last ice age (13,000 and 3000 BC) |
| What were the 2 empire in the americas | Aztecs- Mexico Incas- South America |
| Tell me 3 facts about the aztecs | Tenochtitlan was the capital, they had fertile valleys, trade routes, and was ruled by priests and warrior nobles |
| Tell me 4 facts about the incas | Cuzco was the capital, used roads, storhouses, administration center, and was ruled by a kin with divine status |
| Cahokia- center of agriculture, used mounds for burials ceremonial buildings or rulers' homes. Had a powerful ruling class and priesthood- worshiped sun (adena and hopewell) | The Mississippi valley |
| Algonquin and Iroquoian speakers, built around crops, hunter and gatherers, set fires for crops,chiefdoms, had councils of sorhems or leaders- matriarchy, iroquois federation | Eastern Woodlands |
| Algonquin speaking (ottawa, potawatomi), Clans, rivers and lakes connected which was used for trade,connected and mobile for trade and ceremonies | Great Lakes |
| Hunting and gathering, small dispersed groups, transformed by european imports, captured people on horseback, (Comanches, Sioux) | The Great Plains and Rockies |
| Large farming settlements, Anasazi people grew maize, pueblo culture, made irrigation systems for arid temps, (Hohokams, Mogollons) | The Arid Southwest |
| Hunter-gatherers, small little groups, diff languages, defined social hierarchy- ruled by wealthy fams, Hunter gatherers | The Pacific Coast |
| What kind of trade networks did the indians have and what did they trade. | Large trade networks, food, raw materials, tools, artifacts, traded things so they could specialize, luxury items traded and would be distributed, war captives traveled on these trade routes to keep peace |
| What did the Indians believe as religion and what did they think about women and men | Animists- natural world was suffused with spiritual power, interpreting dreams, rituals to appease spiritual power women- hearth home fertility men-hunting war Had to do war in very special way to keep spirits happy |
| How was 1450 western europe | lots of different types of rulings- roughly equivalent kingdoms, duchies, republics, they vied with each other and were cut from world, still had subsistence agr. |
| What was hierarchy and authority like in Europe? | - power came from ABOVE -king, princes, military nobles - higher ups lived off peasant labor- serfs - Nobles who ruled large estates -Men ruled society- patriarchy -Christian |
| What was the peasant society like? | -most people -farmworkers who worked on lords estates called serfs - they payed rent to work on land -lead to a surplus market - primogeniture -survival meant constant labor |
| How did Europe end up expanding trade networks | - wason fringe of the civil world but then economic revolution of Italy spread to Europe, Arabs dominated trade. Then northern europe had a renaissance and had their own trading system controlled by merchants |
| What happened in the rise of Christianity? | -grew out of jewish monotheism, constantine helped christianity, christianity underground until Rome became catholic |
| What were the crusades? | Islam VS Christianity to win back holy lands, this spread christianity, and expanded trade roots, (silk road, SUGAR) |
| What was the reformation? | Lutheran- Luther's 95 theses- triggered war- Holy Roman Empire VS Protestant peoples, Cut church- Christians, protestants, jesuits JOHN CALVIN wrote the institutes of christian religion |
| what was the trade and the culture like in West and Central Africa | Many strong centralized governments in west africa, cultivated grain, and cotton, domesticated cattle, mined gold Trade: gold, copper, salt, slaves |
| Portuguese expansion in exploration and conquest | Prince Henry wanted Arab's rich trade in sahara, sailed to find riches, sailed to Sub- Saharan Sierra Leone and joined with Italian merchants to get Arab riches, they were first to Sub-Sharan Africa and they tapped into slave trade |
| African Slave Trade | Portuguese found slave who were of high value, and widespread. Slaves were held inbondage for debts, sold as slaves for food, or war captives. They were central for trans-saharan trade- concubines, Europeans were now on slave trade too |
| What is the story of Columbus and the Caribbean | - Ferdinand and Isabella gave christopher Columbus to cross ocean to get trade and followers if christianity -left with three small ships and landed in bahamas which they thought was asia - THEY GOT THERE IN 1492 - claimed for spain and though it.... |
| What is the story of Columbus and the Caribbean | would be easy to convert indians - colonized with 1000 Spaniards and left |
| The Spanish Invasion | - Spain already captured some indians but wanted more -Juan Ponce de Leon- found Florida - Vasco Nunez de Balboa- saw the pacific ocean- 1st -Hernan Cortes went to tenochtitlan and killed Montezuma and took over the Aztec empire - Raging disease. |
| The Spanish Invasion | was killing the indians - Mayans were conquered to - BY 1535 spain had all wealthy regions in the western hemisphere |
| Cabral and Brazil | - Portuguese found a sail route around the tip of Africa- went to atlantic ocean - found land and named it Brazil -Traded with Indians there - Sugar plantations started which led to african and indian slavery |
| What happened in the New American World | - conquistadors received encomendas to claim labor and goods from Indians led to discovery of gold and silver in Mexico and Andes mines - this amount of silver poured across into china trading for silk spices ceramics indians baptised en masse to the RCC |
| What was the columbian exchange | movements of disease and people across atlantic, larger pattern of biological movement- bio transformation, traded foods with western hems which increased yields and population growth |
| Protestant challenge to spain | - struggled to keep hold on merica -pop. boom- manufacturing boom, "cottage industry" - had powerful enemies (protestant, European Christendom) - mercantilism - king Henry broke with rome (new church)- spain tried to fight europe and failed |
| Brazil's sugar plantations | Portuguese in the tropical lowlands- sugar plantations - by 1590 more than 1000 sugar mills were established - wanted to use indians for slaves- got killed by smallpox, so used african slaves instead- builta paying colony |
| Jamestown settlement | merchants in charge of expansion- James gave area between NC to Ny to virginia company (virginia) not prepared- died of disease and starvation (1607) - discovered tobacco which brought colonists - established house of Burgesses - englacon (c of e) |
| The indian war of 1622 | amount of people migrating to merica made indians mad -virginia company= royal colony= made model for english colonies - Maryland= haven for catholics-lord Baltimore - representative assembly and initiate legislation- protestant chal. - TABACO |
| Maryland (catholics) | - religious toleration -Tobacco colony -King charles like catholics to gave lands in chesapeake bay to Lord Baltimore - Maryland refuge for catholics |
| The Caribbean Islands | - English, French, Dutch beat out spain - English captured Jamaica - SUGAR CULTIVATION |
| Plantation Life (2) | -originally freeholds -Headright system |
| Indentured Servitude | - owning land made settlers want to come- indentured servitude - to merchants servants good money & to plantation owners servants were a bargain for their $ - diseases spread - servants were abused and took to trail to lengthen their bonds most died |
| African Laborers | - indentured servants inadequate and need labor - A lot of black people in Barabus - caught on much slower in Chesapeake but tobacco market crashes- switch to slaves -more race conscience now marked black and white |
| New France | Jacques Cartier ventured up the St. Lawrence river and claimed for france - Samuel de Champlain- fur trade along mississippi to new orleans - very few inhabitants - good relatiohsip with natives (hurons) |
| New Netherland | Amsterdam= financial hub lots of ships and sailors - settled along hudson river and traded fur FAILED |
| RISE OF IROQUOIS | - taking over other tribes making themselves Wyandots fought against england and colonies- beaver wars -Iroquois fell to french but some stayed Algonquians in NY living with english. |
| New england | - English protestants landed in plymouth with another group - created communities and grew quickly |
| The pilgrims | PURITANS kicked by King James went to Merica - went on mayflower led by William Bradford only half survived ride others died of diseases on way there - LEFT CAUSE OF BAD ENGLISH TURMOIL |
| Massachusetts Bay | - Boston= capitol - Puritans with John Winthrop left made place called Mass Bay Colony place for puritans - established rep pol systems, church members could vote, puritanism was religion and bible was legal guide, congregationalist predestination |
| Rhode Island | - Connecticut- religious tolerance - MASS BAY was purging of religious dissidents- Roger Williams wanted no official religion and toleration - banished and found town providence and other for religious tolerance |
| Anne Hutchinson | THREAT TO MASS. BAY - though there was no covenant of works only covenant of grace, thought revealed divine truth Was a women and taught women - found guilty of rel. crimes and went to RI |
| puritanism and witchcraft | - puratists believed physical world was full of spirits and didn't like people who tried to manipulate them (salem witch trails- 19 ppl. were killed based on accusations of a group of teen girls) - caused pol. instability in mass.- caused sciency |
| Yeomen Society | nearly all men owned land and voted in town meetings this was huge shift from their situation as tenants- farmers with few right in england |
| The Iroquois | Strong warriors, who dominated other tribes and formed alliance WAGED WAR WITH EUROPEANS |
| New England's Indian wars | relations between colonist and indians were complex many rival groups of indians were bordered with colonists - indians though banded together and made alliances for trade and defense |
| Puritan- Pequot war of 1637 | -alliance of potch and pequots fought and killed english trader lead to war- they got annihilated by the puritans from MASS BAY and Connect. PEQUOTS VS ENGLISH - NEw Amsterdam fails after this |
| Metacom's War | -Europeans outnumbered indians 3 to 1 and Wampanoag leader decided coexistence was not an option so wagged war alliancing with Narragansetts and nipmucks destroying white settlements - Indians lost |
| WATCH BACON'S REBELLION VIDEO |
Created by:
astei
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