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CL Key Terms 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Legislative branch | the branch of government responsible for creating and passing laws |
| Expressed powers | powers that the Constitution states is given only to the Congress |
| Implied powers | powers that is not explicitly given to Congress, but are assumed to be given via the Necessary and Proper (Elastic) Clause |
| Reserved powers | powers that only state governments have |
| House of Representatives | the “lower” house of Congress, in which members are elected to serve two years |
| Senate | the “upper” house of Congress, in which members are elected to serve six years |
| Gerrymandering | a practice that can manipulate the boundaries of Congressional districts to ensure that one party is favored to win an election |
| Committees | a specialized, nonpermanent entity to address a special issue that faces the Congress |
| Select committees | small groups of Congresspeople who are assigned to analyze specific issues and craft legislation to address those issues before the full Congress votes on it |
| Congressional Budget Office | a nonpartisan group that provides Congress with estimates of cost and economic impacts of pending legislation |
| Filibuster | a practice in the Senate where senators can endlessly speak against a bill to prevent its passage, which can be ended by voting for cloture |
| The President | the Head of State who is responsible for enforcing the laws of Congress |
| Electoral College | an organization of people who are responsible for electing the president and vice president after the people of each state have voted; the number of votes each state receives in this organization is based on its population |
| Executive order | a limited power, which has the force of law, that the President can issue that directs a department of the federal government to follow a particular policy |
| Veto | a power reserved by the President to stop a bill the Congress has passed from becoming law, which can be overridden if two-thirds of each House of Congress agrees |
| Foreign policy | a key responsibility of the President, which includes promoting the objectives and best interests of the United States on the global stage |
| Commander-in-Chief | a key responsibility of the President, which carries responsibility of being the head leader of the United States military |
| The Cabinet | members of the President’s administration who are responsible for advising the President and overseeing specialized issues of US policy |
| Federal bureaucracy | a system of over 3 million employees who are responsible for turning laws into action, issue regulations to the extent allowed by law, and ensuring that the day-to-day functions of federal government occurs |
| Judicial branch | the branch of government that is responsible for interpreting laws to ensure that they are in compliance with the Constitution |
| Civil cases | a court case that involves dispute that occurs between two people or parties |
| Criminal cases | a court case that alleges a law has been broken |
| Original jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear a case first |
| District courts | the lowest level of the federal court system, where federal cases are heard first |
| Appeals courts | a level of a federal court that determines if a lower court appropriately heard a case if one party does not agree with the outcome |
| Supreme Court | the highest court in the United States that has the final say over contested laws or actions |
| Opinion | a written explanation that is issued when the Supreme Court has decided a case that clarifies their decision-making on a ruling |
| Precedent | the notion that the Supreme Court should rule cases in a consistent manner, based off their rulings in previous cases |
| Stare decisis | a Latin term meaning “let the decision stand,” which a principle used when the Supreme Court rules on similar cases in a consistent manner |
| Judicial review | the authority of the Supreme Court to determine whether certain laws or actions are Constitutional |
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