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BI 251 CH 2
Terms
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| science that studies the form and composition of the structures of the body. | anatomy |
| study of the larger structures of the body that can be seen with naked eyes. | gross anatomy |
| an approach to studying the structures of the body that considers all of the structures found near each other at the same time. | Regional anatomy |
| an approach to studying the structures of the body that considers all of the structures within an organ system at one time. | systemic anatomy |
| science that studies the functioning of the body structures including their relevant chemistry, biochemistry, and physics. | physiology |
| the ability to walk on two feet. | bipedalism |
| one of the pigments found in the skin; determines the color of hair and skin and protects cells from UV radiation damage. | melanin |
| the movement of molecules in response to concentration gradients. | diffusion |
| dynamic state of stable internal conditions within the body systems that living organisms maintain. | Homeostasis |
| ideal value or narrow range for a physiological parameter | setpoint |
| homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus. | Negative feedback |
| mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus | positive feedback |
| the smallest unit of a chemical element. | atom |
| smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles. | cell |
| tiny functioning units within a cell. | organelles |
| an organized unit of a type of cells that have a similar structure and that work together to perform a specific function. | tissue |
| functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues. | organ |
| group of organs that work together to contribute to a particular function. | organ system |
| living being composed of one or more cells that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life | organism |
| standard position to reference when describing locations and directions on the human body. | anatomical position |
| anterior side of the body down so that the posterior is viewable/up. | Prone |
| position of the body resting on the posterior so that anterior structures are visible and accessible. | supine |
| describes the front or direction toward the front of the body. | Anterior |
| describes direction toward the back of the body. | Posterior |
| describes a position above or closer to the head. | Superior |
| describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper. | Inferior |
| describes the side or direction toward the side of the body. | Lateral |
| describes the middle or direction toward the midline of the body. | Medial |
| describes a position nearer to the surface of the body. | Superficial |
| describes a position farther from the surface of the body. | Deep |
| describes a position or structure on a limb nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. | Proximal |
| describes the position of a structure on a limb farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. | Distal |
| in anatomy, a single flat surface that results when a three-dimensional structure has been cut. | section |
| imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body. | plane |
| two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left portions. | sagittal plane |
| two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior halves. | frontal plane |
| two-dimensional, horizontal slice that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions. | transverse plane |
| body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord. | posterior cavity |
| large body cavity located anterior to the spine; includes the pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs. | anterior cavity |
| division of the posterior body cavity that houses the brain. | cranial cavity |
| portion of the dorsal cavity containing the spinal cord. | spinal cavity |
| division of the anterior cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea. | thoracic cavity |
| the region in the center of the thoracic cage, between the lungs, where the heart sits. | mediastinum |
| serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs. | pleura |
| membrane that separates the heart from other mediastinal structures; consists of two distinct, fused sublayers: the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium. | pericardium |
| a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the abdominopelvic organs and lines the abdominopelvic cavity. | peritoneum |
| form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation capable of penetrating solids; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones. | X-ray |
| medical imaging technique in which a computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained. | Computed tomography (CT) |
| medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body. | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| medical imaging technique in which radioisotopes are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues. | Positron emission tomography (PET) |
| application of ultrasonic waves to visualize body structures such as tendons and organs. | Ultrasonography |
Created by:
Viridescent
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