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Amercian Rev-Szafran

QuestionAnswer
Changes in Britain's colonial policy following the French & Indian War set in motion what change in events? It led to the American Revolution
"Salutary Neglect" Policy applied by Britain towardher American colonies from 1607 to 1763 under which she allowed the colonies to run their own affairs.
King George III Came to the throne in 1760. He & members of the parliament decided to abandon "salutary neglect" in favor of a new policy designed to tighten control over the colonies.
Pontiac's Rebellion (1763) Indian uprising which convinced the British to maintain troops in America indefinitely to provide protection for frontier settlers.
Mercantilism A policy which held that colonies existed for the financial benefit of the mother country
New colonial policies were implemented in the 1760's to raise revenue and to regulate the colonies more strictly
Royal Proclamation of 1763 banned further westward movement by the colonist. Americans repeatedly violated this measure.
George Greenville British finance minister who decided on stricter enforcement of mercantile laws which required the American colonies to purchase & import goods only from England.
Writs of assistance blanket search warrants authorizing British customs officals to search anywhere for smuggled goods. Accused smugglers were given a bench trial
Sugar Act(1765) imposed taxes on refined sugar
Currency Act(1764) forbade the issuance of paper money by the colonies
Quartering Act(1765) required colonial legislatures to impose taxes to provide housing and supplies for British troops.
Stamp Act(1765) imposed a direct tax on the colonies for the first time. Revenue stamps had to be affixed to newspapers, licenses, and legal/commercial documents.
Townshend Acts(1767) imposed import taxes on tea, paper, glass, lead, and paint.
Restrictions on colonial governments several thousand British soldiers were stationed in the larger cities in the colonies
American resistance to the new colonial policy Americans refused to cooperate with British authorities and took steps to undermine enfocement of British policies.
The Stamp Act Congress(1765) demanded the repeal of the Stamp Tax
"No taxation without representation" slogan used in the protest submitted by the Stamp Act Congress to the King and Parliament
Colonial boycotts of trade with England were organized by the Stamp Act Congress to apply economic pressureon England. Their effectiveness led to a major victory
Repeal of the Stamp Act a major american victory
Declaratory Act reaffirmed Parliament's right to tax and govern the colonies
Sons of Liberty engaged in efforts to undermine the enforcement of British policies. They intimidated and harrassed British soldiers and officials
Samuel Adams the leading revolutionary agitator in America; a master of propagnda and a skilled manipulator of the mob
The "Boston Massacre"(1770) This tragedy was set in motion by Samuel Adams. In this incident, mob violence resulted in the deaths of 5 residents of Boston. This was the first violent clash between Americans and British troops.
Steps towards war Samuel Adams used the Boston Massacre as a major theme of anti-British propaganda. Parliament repealed several taxes in an effort to calm tensions.
Period of calm From 1770-1772, there was relative calm in the colonies
Samuel Adams & Patrick Henry organize the "radicals". Radical leaders feared that the flames of resistance would die out. They urged the Liberty Boys to stay active
Committees of Correspondence were organized to spread anti-British material throughtout the colonies, provided a network of communication linking the colonies together.
The Boston Tea Party(1773) The Tea Act was passed to save the financially troubled British East India Company. It exempted the company from export taxes on tea-enabling them to sell tea at a cheap price in America.
American Merchants were required to pay a small import tax which triggered The Boston Tea Party-1773
Coercive Acts ('Intolerable Acts") In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Coercive Acts to isolate and punish the colony of Massachusetts. Under these measures the port of Boston was closed & the legislature was suspended. Privileges of local government were limited.
General Thomas Gage was appointed as the military governor of Massachusetts
The First Continental Congress(1774) met in Philadelhia to frame a response to the "Intolerable Acts"
Declaration of Rights & Grievances Delegates drafted this demanding repeal of the acts and called a boycott of all British imports. They also recommended the raising of militias.
Militia activity several colonies began mobilizing their militias.
"Minutemen" militia members who trained to take up arms at a moments notice
Gage's expedition General Gage received reports of increased militia activity throughout Massachussetts. He began to organize a military expedition to go out of Boston to arrest Samuel Adams & John Hancock, who were staying in Lexington,& to seize gunpowder being stored
Paul Revere & William Dawes Rode out from Boston to spread a warning of the advance of British troops from Boston. This bought needed time for Adams & Hancock to escape & for the concord militia to hide their gun powder
Skirmishes at Lexington & Concord-April 19, 1775 ( the "shots heard round the world") opening shots of the American Reveloution was proved to be the minor skirmish
"actual representation" Americans demanded that someone from America be allowed to serve as a member of Parliament
"virtual representation" The British believed that each member of Parliament represented all Englishmen, no matter where they lived.
The Second Continental Congress conveyed in May 1775 in Philadelphia-From 1775 to 1781 it acted as the Government for the colonies
John Hancock served as the President of the Congress
Olive Branch Petition offer by the colonies to lay down their arms in exchange for the repeal of oppressive British Laws and Policies--This was the colonies final offerto reconcile w/England. King George III rejected offer/congress got word the petition was denied & created
The Continental Army was a strong standing army
George Washington was appointed the commander of the continental army
Factors behind a growing desire for the Independence it took people along
Prolonged fighting caused increased bitterness towards Britian. The longer the war dragged on the more bitter
British use of Hessians Helped wage war
Hessians were German mersonaries
British withdrawl from Boston In early 1776 the Libertarian of Boston from British occupation and raised American moral in hopes of Victory
Need for foreign assistance American leaders realized that a public declaration of American Independece might be the only way we could obtain help from other countries.
"Common Sense" Political essay which convinced many Americans of the advantages of Independence, by Thomas Paine
Writing the Declaration John Hancock appointed a 5 member committe to produce a rough draft of a declaration of American Independence
Thomas Jefferson-committee member Became the chief writer of The Declaration of Independce. Rough draft took a few weeks
Content of the Declaration-Philosophical principles In the opening papragraph Jefferson laid aid The Philiosophies Justification for the resolve. He restated John Locke's social contract theory, provided the rational w/Americas break w/England
John Locke's social contract theory main principles included government based on the consent of the governed. Human Rights to equal treatment under the law and protection of an alliable rights & the right of reveloution
Statement of grievances the main body of the declaration contains a long statement of grievences against the King and Parliament
Approval by the Continental Congress July 2, 1776 congress approved a resolution in support of the declaration of Independence. A final vote resulting in unanoumous approval was cast on July 4,1776
Public Reaction Public opinion was devided in response to the declaration
"Patriots" were Americans who supported The Declaration of Independence (1/3 of American people)
"Torries" Apposed independants and remained loyal to the King (1/3 of the population)
Neutral The final 1/3 of the population remained neutral
Significance of the Declaration of Independece 1)It rallied support for the war effort2)It changed the aims of the war-up until 1776, fighting for repeal on in tollerable acts against British government. Then to declaration.
Battle of Bunker Hill-1775 was a very costly victory for the British colonial militia men fought well but failed
General Gage was replaced by General William Howe
Seige of Boston early in 1776 General Washington applied pressure on British by putting Boston under seige. General Howe finally removed his troops from Boston and head to New York City
New York campaigns George Washington pursued
Battle of Long Island Washington's army was defeated and the British gained control of New York City
Washington's retreat Washington's army suffered defeat/Washington's army left New York and journeyed to New Jersey and into eastern Pennsylvania
Battles of Trenton & Princeton-1776 on christmas night Washington's army crossed the Delaware river back into New Jersey early the next morning they attacked & defeated the Hessians,the Americans then moved to Princeton where they defeated the British
Battles of Trenton and Princeton were small victories, but they showed that General Washington was a bold leader and the victories helped his army stay together
Battle of Sarstoga turning point of the war (1777)
British battle plan for 1777 The British launched a 3 winged attack design to gain control of the Hudson River, this would devide and weaken American forces by issolating the New England colonies & putting all of New York under British control
General John Burgoyne British Commander
General Horatio Gates American Commander
Created by: 1221032531
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