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Unit 4: History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allied Powers | the victorious alliance of nations in World War I and World War II WWI: France, Great Britain, USA, Russia WWII: France, Great Britain, USA, USSR |
| armistice | a formal ceasefire |
| Central Powers | the defeated alliance of nations in World War I: Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary |
| communism | a sociopolitical model wherein all property is publicly owned and workers are paid according to their abilities and needs |
| depression | in economics, a long-term, sustained downturn in economic activity |
| fascism | a political movement supporting strong, authoritarian government dictatorship |
| Vladimir Lenin | leader of the communist revolution in Russia during World War I |
| Nazism | a political movement in Germany, from the end of World War I through the end of World War II, which espoused totalitarian government, staunch nationalism, and racial supremacy |
| Soviet Union (USSR) | a federation of communist countries in Eastern Europe, led by Russia, from the time of the Russian Revolution until its collapse in 1991 at the end of the Cold War |
| Treaty of Versailles | the 1919 treaty which formally brought World War I to an end. Terms included: 1. Germany lost land & territories 2. Germany had to decrease their military 3. Germany had to pay reparations 4. Germany had to accept blame for WWI |
| Reparations | Payment for war damages |
| World War I | also known as the "Great War" or the "War to End all Wars," a global conflict occurring between 1914 and 1918, primarily in Europe |
| anti-Semitism | racial bias or prejudice against Jewish people |
| Axis Powers | the defeated alliance of nations in World War II: Germany, Italy, Japan |
| Adolf Hitler | chancellor of Germany and leader of the Nazi regime during World War II |
| Holocaust | the Nazi internment, forced labor, and killing of nearly 11 million people during World War II, an estimated 6 million of whom were Jewish |
| propaganda | information, usually misleading or biased, designed to promote a particular political ideology |
| World War II | a global conflict occurring between 1939 and 1945; Allied powers won. |
| Cold War | (1947-1991) a state of political hostility between countries, primarily the USSR and the US, without an outright declaration of war |
| Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) | the official name of West Germany during the Cold War; capitalist and democratic |
| German Democratic Republic (GDR) | the official name of East Germany during the Cold War; controlled by the Soviet Union; communist and authoritarian. |
| Communist Bloc | communist states of Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War; East Germans were only permitted to travel within this area. |
| iron curtain | a term coined by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill describing the sociopolitical and ideological divide between the West and East (especially the Soviet Union) |
| Berlin Wall | a 91-mile wall surrounding West Berlin from 1961 through 1989 |
| German reunification | the reintegration of West and East Germany into a single nation in 1990 |
| alliances | an agreement between 2 countries to help in times of war |
| nationalism | feelings of pride in one's country |
| Czar Nicholas II | Russian Czar during WWI; unpopular with Russian people; overthrown and killed in 1917. |
| Russian Revolution | a change in government in Russia in 1917; the czar was overthrown and communism became the government |
| Arms Race | competition between U. S. and USSR over who has the most weapons |
| Superpower | an extremely powerful nation, especially one that can influence world events; the United States & Soviet Union during the Cold War. |
| Causes of the Russian Revolution | 1. Involvement in WWI led to food/fuel shortages 2. Resentment towards the Czar over getting them in WWI and disparity of wealth |
| Mutally Assured Destruction (M.A.D.) | The idea that if one country launched their nuclear weapon, the opposing country would launch theirs back, and everyone would lose. No one wins in nuclear war. |
| Berlin | Capital of Germany |
| Space Race | A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union. |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. He was known for his ideas of glasnost and perestroika. |
| glasnost | A policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West, and a relaxing of restraints on Soviet citizenry. |
| Perestroika | A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society. |
Created by:
heather.chapman
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