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FMS Questions
8th Grade Bomber Pride History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| They include eyewitness reports, records created at the time of an event, speeches, and letters by people involved in the event, photographs, and artifacts. | Primary Source |
| The later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. Often they provide summaries of information found in primary sources, like in textbooks and articles. | Secondary Source |
| A 2000-mile trail stretching through the Great Plains from western Missouri to the Oregon Territory. | Oregon Trail |
| An important trade trail west from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. | Santa Fe Trail |
| Campaign Slogan :"Fifty-four forty or fight" concerning Oregon Territory. | James K Polk |
| "Give me liberty or give me death" -- Patriot | Patrick Henry |
| The phrase that showed the world the determination of the colonists at Concord that led to the establishment of a new nation on Earth it encouraged worldwide movements toward democracy. | "The Shot heard around the world." |
| E Pluribus Unum | Out of many one |
| This motto on the Gadsden Flag clearly indicated that the colonists were ready to defend their rights and freedoms. | Don't tread on me! |
| A document written by Thomas Jefferson, declaring the colonies independence from England. | Declaration of Independence |
| We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity,... | Preamble to the Constitution |
| "We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights that amongst these rights are life liberty and the pursuit of happiness" | Introduction to the Declaration of Independence |
| Introduction to the U.S. Constitution | Preamble |
| Placed a tax on molasses and sugar. | Sugar Act |
| Placed a tax on every kind of printed material (newspapers, legal documents) | Stamp Act |
| Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever". Stripped away much of their independence. | Declaratory Act |
| A group of men who became protesters who burn stamps and were involved in the Boston Tea Party. | Sons of Liberty |
| Colonist must provide shelter and supplies to British soldiers. (Came from the Intolerable Acts) | Quartering Act |
| Taxes on imported goods, eg. Lead, Paper, Glass | Townshend Acts |
| 5 colonist were killed when Red Coats fired into a mob of angry colonists-Crispus Attucks: he was one of the first casualty of the American Revolution | Boston Massacre |
| Colonists threw tea overboard in protest of British Tax imposed on import of tea. | Boston Tea Party |
| 1. Closed Boston Harbor 2. Cancelled the Massachusetts Charter and legislative meetings 3. Moved trials of British Officials to Briton. 4. Made Colonists house British Soldiers (Quartering Act) | Intolerable Acts |
| War between France and Britain over the control of territory in North America. | French & Indian War |
| Ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked the French out of North America. | Treaty of Paris 1763 |
| An order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. | Proclamation of 1763 |
| Adopted the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. During the American Revolutionary War, it acted as the de facto U.S. national government by raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties. | Second Continental Congress |
| A Colonist that was loyal to the idea of breaking away from the crown. | Patriots |
| A colonist loyal to the English Crown. | Loyalist |
| A meeting of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to decide how to respond to the Intolerable Acts. | First Continental Congress |
| Taxing colonist without their consent. | Taxation w/o Representation |
| Method the colonists used to get the British to repeal the Stamp Act. To refuse, to buy, sell, or use. | Boycott |
| To approve by voting. | Ratification |
| A document that lists the grievances, or complaints, against king George III. | Declaration of Independence |
| King of England during the American Revolution. Issued the Proclamation of 1763 and refused the Olive Branch Petition. | George III |
| Allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonists. | Tea Act |
| What 'Acts' did the Parliament pass in 1774 to punish Massachusetts for the BostonTea Party? | Intolerable Acts |
| A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain. | Common Sense |
| The first shots of the American Revolution were fired here. | Battle of Lexington |
| Site of the first major battle of the American Revolution. | Battle of Concord |
| The turning point of the American Revolution - it gave France a reason to enter the war against Britain. | Battle of Saratoga |
| The British were defeated by George Washington’s troops signaled the end of the American Revolution. (Cornwallis-British General) | Battle of Yorktown |
| Ended the American Revolution. Two crucial provisions of the treaty were British recognition of U.S. independence and the delineation of boundaries that would allow for American western expansion. | Treaty of Paris 1783 |
| What was the first government drafted after the American Revolution? | Articles of Confederation |
| The British were well-equipped soldiers and had a large, powerful navy | British Advantages |
| Colonist were fighting on their own ground, they had soldiers who were fighting for their freedom from Britain(men from colonies, they had George Washington as their leader,they had great determination, & they had food close by. | Colonists Advantages |
| The King of England who disbanded the colonial legislatures, taxed the colonies, and refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies | King George III |
| Blamed for losing the American Revolution. | Lord North |
| American statesman,delegate to the Continental Congress...defended the British soldiers after the Boston Massacre | John Adams |
| A member of the Sons of Liberty who started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence | Samuel Adams |
| He was an American silversmith and a patriot in the American Revolution and was a messenger in the battles of Lexington and Concord, | Paul Revere |
| An inventor, statesman, diplomat, signer of the Declaration of Independence and delegate to Constitutional Convention | Benjamin Franklin |
| British general who surrendered at Yorktown. | Lord Cornwallis |
| Wrote the Declaration of Independence, became the 3rd President of the United States and purchased the Louisiana territory, doubling the size of the United States | Thomas Jefferson |
| Anti-federalist "Give me liberty or give me death" | Patrick Henry |
| Wrote pamphlets like Common Sense and The Crisis to encourage American independence | Thomas Paine |
| Americans were fighting on their Native soil and knew the lay of the land and Americans were fighting for a cause; Liberty, Freedom whereas the British were uncertain as to their own goals. | How the Colonists won the American Revolution. |
| Adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. | Declaration of Independence |
| Adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. King George III ignored it. | Olive Branch Petition |
| In writing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson drew heavily on the doctrines of this person concerning the general principles of liberty and the rights of man. | John Locke |
| What major power did the National government lack during the Articles of Confederation? | Inability to tax and regulate trade |
| Most power held by the states. One branch of government Legislative Branch had few powers. No executive branch. No judicial branch. No system of checks and balance. | Articles of Confederation |
| The laws and principles of the government of the United States. | U.S. Constitution |
| The practice of allowing each territory to decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery. | Popular Sovereignty |
| The authority of a government should depend on the consent of the people, as expressed by votes in elections. | Consent of the Governed |
| A system in which each branch of government has its own powers. | Separation of Powers |
| A system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches. | Checks and Balances |
| The sharing of power between the states and the national government. | Federalism |
| Territory in the western United States purchased by Thomas Jefferson from France, in 1803 for $15 million; doubled the sized of the U.S. | Louisiana Purchase |
| The 1803 Court decision that gave the Supreme Court the right to determine whether a law violates the Constitution. It set up the principal of judicial review | Marbury vs. Madison |
| Established the principle of implied powers through a broad interpretation of the U.S.Constitution,giving Congress an expanded role in governing the nation.The decision also reinforced the supremacy of federal law over state law when the 2 conflict. | McCulloch vs. Maryland |
| War between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France. | War of 1812 |
| A foreign policy statement by President James Monroe stating that 1) the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs, and 2) that the western hemisphere was closed to colonization and/or interference by European nations. | Monroe Doctrine |
| It confirmed the acquisition of Florida by the U.S. (for $5 million) and fixed a boundary line between the U.S. and the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain, which would shortly become Mexico. | Adams-Onis Treaty |
| A policy of establishing the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States. | Northwest Ordinance |
| They attacked courthouses and prevented the state from seizing the farms. Showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. | Shay's Rebellion |
| The convention of United States statesmen who drafted the United States Constitution in 1787. | Constitutional Convention |
| The leader of the Continental Army, President of the Constitutional Convention and became the first President of the United States. George Washington | George Washington |
| Is considered the "Father of the Constitution" | James Madison |
| Anti-Federalist | George Mason |
| A series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton, defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of the United States was founded | Federalist Papers |
| People opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power to be given to the state governments than to the national government. | Anti-Federalists |
| These were supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government. | Federalists |
| This Amendment states that “Congress shall make no law” restricting freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition. First | I (First) Amendment |
| The _____ Amendment protects an accused person from having to testify against him or herself (self-incrimination); bans double jeopardy; and guarantees that no person will suffer the loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. | V (Fifth) Amendment |
| This Amendment guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil suits. (Trial by jury) | VII (Seventh) Amendment |
| Signed in 1215 by King John, was the first document that limited power of the ruler. Influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution. | Magna Carta |
| Protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the American Bill of Rights. Influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution. | English Bill of Rights |
| The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. Influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution. | Mayflower Compact |
| Refers to a democratic system of government in which the people hold supreme power. | Popular Sovereignty |
| What are the first 10 amendments, added to the Constitution to ensure its ratification, called? | Bill of Rights |
| What document sets up and outlines the current federal plan of US government? Separates power into 3 branches of national government | U.S. Constitution |
| He was the one who ruled in the Marbury v Madison trial that the federal courts had the power to determine whether or not congressional legislation was constitutional (judicial review) | John Marshall |
| 1824 case in which the supreme court ruled that states could not regulate commerce on interstate waterways. Steamboat monopoly | Gibbons vs. Ogden |
| The Supreme Court's power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. | Judicial Review |
| Before the Industrial and Transportation Revolution;farming. After the Industrial and Transportation Revolutions;Industry, manufacturing, steamboats, railroad system, immigration | Northern Economy |
| Agriculture; before American Revolution-tobacco, rice and indigo. After Revolution; cotton which greatly increase slavery. | Southern Economy |
| A tenant farmer who gives a share of the crops raised to the landlord in lieu of rent. | Sharecropping |
| A tenant farmer is one who resides on and farms land owned by a landlord. | Tenant Farming |
| Working slowly, disobeying an order,praying in secret for freedom or Union victory, learning to read and write, communicating through code words and songs, telling the slaveholder what he wanted to hear and informing other slaves of one's deception. | African American Resistance to Slavery |
| A war fought from 1811 to 1814 in the Southeast between the Creek nations and white settlers from Georgia, Alabama, Kentucky, and Tennessee under the leadership of Andrew Jackson. Forced to give up millions of acres of land. | Creek War |
| The leader of the original democratic party and a "president of the people."(Common Man) He was responsible for the Trail of Tears, which forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi River. | Andrew Jackson |
| In response to its disagreement with the tariff bill of 1832, the South Carolina legislature actually voted to nullify the law within its borders | Nullification Crisis |
| A doctrine that federal powers should be curtailed and returned to the individual states | State's Rights |
| The forced movement of Cherokees in 1838 to land west of Mississippi river | Trail of Tears |
| Supreme Court Ruled the state of Georgia had no right to force the Cherokee from their native lands. President Jackson did not enforce the ruling. | Worchester vs. Georgia |
| Supported slavery and states' rights,instrumental in the South Carolina nullification crisis. | John C Calhoun |
| A high tariff established to protect a particular industry. | Protective Tariff |
| Congress supported the president and passed a this bill in early 1833 which authorized Jackson to use soldiers to enforce the tariff measures. | Force Bill |
| Tariff of 1828, which placed a tax on goods imported from Great Britain. South Carolina declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void causing the Nullification Crisis. | Tariff of Abomination |
| A strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country. | Sectionalism |
| Patriotism: love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it; | Nationalism |
| System or practice of giving appointed offices as rewards from the successful party in an election; name for the patronage system under President Jackson. | Spoils System |
| Commander in the Creek War and Battle of New Orleans. | Andrew Jackson |
| A campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol. | Temperence |
| Women's right to vote. | Women's Suffage |
| A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the south to freedom in the North. | Underground Railroad |
| An unsuccessful Utopian Society that provided equality for all its inhabitants, male and female. This manifestation of this equality was the responsibility of each citizen to contribute to the labor force of the community. | New Harmony, Indiana |
| Utopian Religious Community | Oneida, New York |
| Helped change the prison system by advocating state hospitals for the mentally ill. | Dorthea Dix |
| The father of American public education. A leader of the common-school movement, advocating education for all children. | Horace Mann |
| Published an antislavery newspaper, the Liberator, and promoted immediate emancipation and racial equality. | William Lloyd Garrison |
| American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. | Frederick Douglas |
| An American evangelist and reformer, born a slave, but later freed and became a speaker for abolition and women's suffrage. | Sojourner Truth |
| Abolitionists who escaped slavery. The most famous conductor of the Underground. Railroad. | Harriet Tubman |
| A female abolitionist who joined with Lucretia Mott to fight for woman's rights | Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| A leader in the effort to fight for woman's movement | Lucretia Mott |
| The first organized meeting for women's rights in the United States. | Seneca Falls Convention |
| Woman suffragist, antislavery speaker who supported women's right movement. | Lucy Stone |
| A fought for women's rights | Susan B Anthony |
| Was presented to the first women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Modeled on the Declaration of Independence. | Declaration of Sentiments |
| Any idealized place, state, or situation of perfection | Utopian Society |
| A slave who taught himself to read and write and led a revolt in South Carolina and killed 55 whites before being caught and hanged Nat Turner | Nat Turner |
| Location of the first meeting for the woman's movement Seneca Falls | Seneca Falls |
| A person entering a new country. | Immigration |
| Famine in Ireland in the 1840s that led to a surge in immigration to the US. | Irish Potato Famine |
| An expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the northwestern territories of the United States; traveled from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River from 1803 to 1806 | Lewis and Clark Expedition |
| Cailfornia joins Union as a free state. Slave trade in Washington, D.C. would be abolished. You could have a slave but can't trade one. | "Compromise of 1850" How it effected the North |
| Treaty signed in 1848 by the US and Mexico ending the Mexican war | Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo |
| Obvious fate to settle land all the way to the Pacific Ocean in order to spread democracy. | Manifest Destiny |
| The voluntary annexation of the Republic of Washington by the United States of America as Texas, the 28th state. | Texas Annexation |
| Northern Territory that Mexico turned over to the U.S. after the Mexican/American War. | Mexican Cession |
| In 1853 the U.S. purchased land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present day Mexico and New Mexico to build the Transcontinental Railroad. | Gadsden Purchase |
| Territory in the western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million; almost doubled the size of the U.S. | Louisiana Purchase |
| What lured people to move west? | Land, gold, and other economic incentives |
| Amendment to an 1846 bill stating that slavery would not be permitted in any territory acquired from Mexico (Mexican Cession). | Wilmot Proviso |
| New Mexico and Utah-territories open to slavery. Strong Fugitive Slave law to please slave holders - Fugitive Slave Acts | Compromise of 1850 Effects on the South |
| The geographic barrier that settlers moving west and construction of the Transcontinental Railroad faced. | Rocky Mountains |
| A Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe informing the world of the cruelty of slavery. | Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Proposed by Stephen Douglas - use popular sovereignty in KS and NE to decide on slave or free state. | Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| Free or Slave-African Americans couldn't sue in federal court because they weren't citizens, ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. | Dred Scott Decision |
| Seizing of the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, VA.- led slaves to rebell. Put weapons in slaves hands. Inspired other abolitionists. | John Brown's Raid |
| A federal arsenal. | Harper's Ferry |
| Law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves. Upset northerners and African American fled to Canada. | Fugitive Slave Act |
| Proposed Kansas-Nebraska Act - Engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861) | Stephen Douglas |
| An act of seceding; formal withdrawal or separation. The withdrawal of the Southern states from the federal Union at the start of the Civil War. | Secession |
| Slavery and its expansion into the western territories were the central issues of this election. | Presidential Election of 1860 |
| Abraham Lincoln was a Republican from Illinois, John Breckinridge represented the southern states and was nominated by the Democratic Party, John Bell represented the Constitutional Union, and Stephen Douglas candidate for the Democrats. | Presidential Election of 1860 Personalities |
| Lincoln was elected as the 16th President of the U.S., winning entirely on the strength of his support in the North: he was not even on the ballot in ten states in the South. | Presidential Election of 1860 Results |
| Disagreement over the politics of slavery - Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott r - John Brown's Raid - Southern States seceding. | Causes of the Civil War |
| The Division of the government that proposes bills and passes them into laws. (Writes the laws) | Legistlative Branch |
| The division of the federal government that includes the president and the administrative departments; enforces the nation's laws. | Executive Branch |
| The Supreme Court's power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. (interprets laws) | Judicial Branch |
| Voting rights | Suffrage |
| An official approval | Ratification |
| Official change or addition to a law or constitution. | Amendment |
| Surveying and the division of public lands in the western region of the country. | Land Ordinance of 1785 |
| Speedy and fair trial | VI (Sixth) Amendment |
| Leading Revolutionary figure-negotiator of the Louisana Purchase-Fifth President-put forth the Monroe Doctrine. | James Monroe |
| An agreement proposed by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state and outlawed slavery in any territories or states north of 36-30' latitude. | Missouri Compromise |
| Known as the Great Compromiser-developed the Missouri Compromise & the Compromise of 1850. | Henry Clay |
| It states that since the states had formed the national govenment, state power shold be greater than federal power. | States' Rights Doctrine |
| He argued that the U.S. was one nation, He believed that the welfare fo the nation should override that of the individual states. Debated Robert Y. Hayne over State's Rights. | Daniel Webster |
| Authorized te removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River to lands in the West. | Indian Removal Act of 1830 |
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