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Unit 1 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jamestown | The first successful and permanent English colony in North America |
| Joint stock company | Group of investors that share the profits and losses of a colony |
| John Smith | Person that helped Jamestown survive with his leadership |
| John Rolfe | Person that introduced tobacco growing in Jamestown, made it successful |
| Indentured servant | A person that agrees to work 7-10 years in exchange for free passage to America, given freedom and land at the end of their contract |
| Powhatan | Group of Native Americans that helped and also fought with the Jamestown settlers |
| Pocahontas | Daughter of a Native American chief that helped Jamestown settlers |
| House of Burgesses | First representative government in North America, located in Virginia colony |
| Sparatists | Also called the Pilgrims, wanted to break from the Church on England |
| Plymounth | Name of the colony that the Separatists established for religious freedom |
| Mayflower compact | Government of the Pilgrims that set up majority rule |
| Squanto | Native American that helped pilgrims by showing them how to grow food using technique |
| Puritans | Religious group that wanted to stay in the Church of England and reform it |
| Massachustts bay | The name of the colony the Puritans established |
| Theocracy | Type of government in which religious leaders make the laws |
| John Winthrop | Governor of Massachusetts bay, leader of the Puritans |
| William Bradford | Governor of Plymouth, leader of the Pilgrims |
| City on a hill | Name of a speech by John Winthrop that says Massachusetts bay holding her own church meetings |
| Thomas hooker | Founder of the Connecticut colony |
| Roger Williams | Founder of Rhode island, wanted peace with Native Americans |
| Rhode Island | The first colony that established religious freedom |
| Anne Hutchinson | Woman that challenged the leadership of Massachusetts Bay by holding her own church meeting |
| New Netherland | Dutch colony that would become new York encouraged tolerance |
| Quakers | Religious group that settled Pennsylvania |
| Quakers | Believed in equality between men and women, slavery was evil, and they could experience god through an "inner Light" |
| First Great Awakening | Religious movement that swept through the colonies in the early 1700s |
| First Great Awakening | Revival that led to more religious tolerance and more churches |
| George Whitefield | Famous preacher in the First Great Awakening that traveled all over the colonies |
| Johnathan Edwards | First Great Awakening preacher who preached the sermon Sinners in the hands of an Angry God |
| Middle passage | The Journey slaves took from Africa to the Americas |
| Triangular Trade | A network of trading between the Americans, Europe, and Africa exchanging raw materials, manufactured goods, and slaves |
| Mercantilism | The economic system in which a mother country sends manufactured goods to its colonies in exchange for raw materials |
| Georgia | Founded as a buffer colony and a place for the poor to work off their debts |
| Debtor | A person that owes money to another |
| James Oglethorpe | Founder of Georgia colony |
| Cash crops | Crops that are sold to make profits in a global market |
| Overt | Way in which slaves fought back that were obvious; they ran away or led a rebellion against their owners |
| Passive | Way slaves resisted slavery that were not obvious; they slowed down work, broke equipment, faked illnesses |
| Navigation Acts | Laws passed by parliament that regulated trade in the colonies so that only England benefited |
| Navigation Acts | Series of laws that required colonies to only trade with Great Britain |
| Separatists | Religious group that wanted to break away from the Church of England |
| France | Country in Europe that colonized Canada and the Mississippi River Valley |
| Spain | Country in Europe that founded Colonies in South America, Mexico, and the Southwest |
| Spain | Catholic nation, colonized the Americas for gold and to convert Natives to Christianity |
| William Penn | Leader of the Quackers that signed a treaty with the Native Americans |
| France | Catholic Nation that colonized America to profit off the fur trade with the Natives |
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