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Olaoluwa E Unit 1
Mr. Loy Unit #1 Vocab SS 8th Gr Due 8/31
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Jamestown | The first successful and permanent English colony in North America. |
Joint stock company | Group of investors that share the profits and losses of a colony. |
John Smith | Person that helped Jamestown survive with his leadership. |
John Rolfe | The person that introduced tobacco growing in Jamestown, made it successful. |
Indentured Servant | A form of labor where an individual is under contract to work without a salary to repay an indenture or loan within a certain timeframe. |
Powhatan | Group of Native Americans that helped and also fought with the Jamestown settlers. |
Pocahontas | Daughter of a Native American chief that helped Jamestown by providing food. |
House of Burgesses | First representative government in North America, located in Virginia colony. |
Separatists | Also called the Pilgrims, wanted to break from the Church of England. |
Plymouth | Name of the colony that the Separatists established for religious freedom. |
Mayflower Compact | Government of the Pilgrims that set up majority rule in their colony. |
Squanto | Native American that helped pilgrims by showing them how to grow food using fish as a technique. |
Puritans | Religious group that wanted to stay in the Church of England and reform it. |
Massachusetts Bay | the name of the colony the Puritans established |
Theocracy | type of government in which religious leaders make the laws |
John Winthrop | Governor of Massachusetts Bay, leader of the Puritans. |
William Bradford | Governor of Plymouth, leader of the Pilgrims. |
City on a Hill | Name of a speech given by John Winthrop that says Massachusetts will be an example of religious faith and hard work |
Thomas Hooker | founder of the Connecticut Colony |
Roger Williams. | The founder of Rhode Island, wanted peace with Native Americans |
Rhode Island | the first colony that established religious freedom |
Anne Hutchinson | woman that challenged the leadership of Massachusetts Bay by holding her own church meetings |
New Netherland | Dutch colony that would become New York, encouraged tolerance |
Quakers | religious group that settled in Pennsylvania and believed in equality between men and women, that slavery was evil, and that they could experience God through an “Inner Light” |
First Great Awakening | religious movement that swept through the colonies in the early 1700s; a revival that led to more religious tolerance and more churches |
George Whitefield | Famous preacher in the First Great Awakening that traveled all over the colonies |
Jonathan Edwards | First Great Awakening preacher who preached the sermon Sinners in the Hands ofan Angry God |
Middle Passage | The journey slaves took from Africa to the Americas |
Triangular Trade | a network of trading between the Americans, Europe and Africa exchanging raw materials, manufactured goods and slaves |
Mercantilism | the economic system in which a mother country sends manufactured goods to its colonies in exchange for raw materials |
Georgia | founded as a buffer colony and a place for the poor to work off their debts |
Debtor | a person that owes money to another |
James Oglethorpe | founder of Georgia colony |
Cash crops | crops that are sold to make profits in a global market |
Overt resistance | ways in which slaves fought back that were obvious; they ran away or led a rebellion against their owners |
Passive resistance | ways slaves resisted slavery that were not obvious; they slowed down work, broke equipment, faked illnesses |
Navigation Acts | Laws passed by Parliament that regulated trade in the colonies so that only England benefited (colonies could only trade with Great Britain) |
William Penn | leader of the Quakers that signed a treaty with the Native Americans |
France | Catholic nation that colonized America to profit off the fur trade with Natives; |