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Claire S. Unit #1
Unit #1 vocab for social studies - due 8/31
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Jamestown | the first successful and permanent English colony in North America |
Joint stock company | group of investors who share the profits and loses of a company |
John Smith | person that helped Jamestown survive with his leadership |
John Rolfe | the person that introduced tobacco growing in Jamestown, made it successful |
Indentured Servant | a person that agrees to work for 7-10 years in exchange for free passage to America, given freedom and land at the end of their contract |
Powhatan | group of Native Americans that helped and fought with Jamestown settlers |
Pocahontas | daughter of a Native American chief that helped Jamestown by providing food |
House of Burgesses | first representative government in North America, located in Virginia colony |
Separatists | also called the Pilgrims, wanted to break from the church of England |
Plymouth | name of the colony that the Separatist established for religious freedom |
Mayflower Compact | government of the Pilgrims that set up majority rule in their colony |
Squanto | Native American that helped pilgrims by showing how to grow food using fish as a technique |
Puritans | religious group that wanted to stay in the church of England and reform it |
Massachusetts Bay | the name of the colony the Puritans established |
Theocracy | type of government in which religious leaders make the laws |
John Winthrop | governor of Massachusetts Bay, leader of the Puritans |
William Bradford | governor of Plymouth, leader of the Pilgrims |
City on a Hill | name of a speech given by John Winthrop that says Massachusetts will be an example of religious faith and hard work |
Thomas Hooker | founder of Connecticut colony |
Roger Williams | the founder of Rhode Island, wanted peace with natives |
Rhode Island | the first colony that established religious freedom |
Anne Hutchinson | woman that challenged the leadership of Massachusetts Bay by holding her own church meetings |
New Netherland | Dutch colony that would become New York, encouraged tolerance |
First Great Awakening | religious movement that swept through the colonies in the early 1700's; a revival that led to more religious tolerance and more churches |
George Whitefield | famous preacher in the First Great Awakening that traveled all over the colonies |
Johnathan Edwards | First Great Awakening preacher who preached the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God |
Middle Passage | the journey slaves took from Africa to the Americas |
Triangular Trade | a network of trading between the Americas, Europe and Africa exchanging raw materials, manufactured goods and slaves |
Mercantilism | the economic system in which a mother country sends manufactured goods to its colonies in exchange for raw material |
Georgia | founded as a buffer colony and place for the poor to work off their debts |
Debtors | a person that owes money to another |
Cash crops | crops that are sold to make profit in a global market |
Overt Resistance | ways slaves resisted slavery that were obvious; they ran away or led a rebellion against their owners |
Passive Resistance | ways slaves resisted slavery that were not obvious; they slowed down work, broke equipment, faked illnesses |
Navigation Act | laws passed by Parliament that regulated trade in the colonies so that only England benefited (colonies could only trade with Great Britain) |
William Penn | leader of the Quakers that signed a treaty with Native Americans |
France | Catholic nation that colonized America to profit off of fur trade with Natives |
Quakers | religious group that settled Pennsylvania and believed in equality between men and woman, that slavery was evil, and that they could experience God through an "inner light" |