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Anna P. Unit 1 Vocab
Unit one vocab for social studies due 8/31/23
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Jamestown | The first successful and permanent English colony in North America |
Joint stock company | Group of investors that share the profits and losses of a colony |
John Smith | person that helped Jamestown survive with his leadership |
John Rolfe | The person that introduced tobacco growing in Jamestown and made it successful |
Indentured servant | A person that agrees to work for 7-10 years in exchange for free passage to america, given freedom and land at the end of their contract |
Powhatan | group of Native Americans that helped and also fought with the Jamestown settlers |
Pocahontas | Daughter of a Native American chief that helped Jamestown by providing food |
House of Burgesses | first representative government in North America, located in Virginia colony |
Quakers | Also called pilgrims, wanted to break from the church of England |
Plymouth | Name the Colony that the Separatists established for religious freedom |
The Mayflower colony | government of the pilgrims that set up majority rule in their colony |
Squanto | Native American that helped pilgrims by showing them how to grow food using fish as a technique |
Puritans | Religious group that wanted to stay in the church of England and reform it. |
Massachusets Bay | the name of the colony that the puritans established |
Theocracy | type of government in which religious leaders make the laws |
John Winthrop | Governor of Massachusetts Bay, leader of the Puritans |
William Bradford | Governor of Plymouth, leader of the Pilgrims |
City on a Hill | name of a speech given by John Winthrop that says Massachusetts will be an example of religious faith and hard work. |
Thomas Hooker | founder of the Connecticut Colony |
Rodger Williams | the founder of Rhode Island, wanted peace with Native Americans |
Rhode Island | The first colony that established religious freedom |
Anne Hutchinson | woman that challenge the leadership of Massachusetts Bay by holding her own church meetings |
New Netherland | Dutch colony that would become New York, encouraged tolerance . |
Quakers | Religous group that settled in Pennsylvania and believed in equality between men and women, that slavery was evil, and that they could experience God through an "Inner Light" |
first great awakening | religious movement that swept through the colonies in the early 1700's; a revival that led to religious tolerance and more Curches |
George Whitefield | Famous preacher in the First Great Awakening that traveled all over the colonies |
Jonathan Edwards | First Great Awakening preacher who preached the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angel |
The middle passage | The journey slaves took from Africa to the Americas |
Triangular Trade | A network of trading between the Americans, Europe, and Africa exchanging raw materials manufactured goods, and slaves |
Mercantilism | The economic system in which a mother country sends manufactured goods to its colonies in exchange for raw materials |
Georgia | founded as a buffer colony and a place where the poor can work off their debts |
a Debtor | a person that owes money to another |
James Oglethorpe | founder of Georgia colony |
cash crops | crops that are sold to make profits in the global economy |
Passive Resistance | ways in which slaves fought back that were not obvious; they slowed down work, broke equipment, faked illnesses |
Overt Resistance | ways in which slaves fought back that were obvious; they ran away or led a rebellion against their owners |
Navigation acts | Laws passed by Parliament that regulated trade in the colonies so that only England benefited |
William Penn | leader of the Quakers that signed a treaty with the Native Americans |
France | Catholic nation that colonized America to profit off of the fur trade with the natives |