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Unit 1 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Jamestown | the first successful and permanent English colony in North America |
Joint stock company | group of investors that share the profits and losses of a colony |
John Smith | person that helped Jamestown survive with his leadership |
John Rolfe | person that introduced tobacco growing in Jamestown, made it successful |
Indentured Servant | a person that agrees to work for 7-10 years in exchange for free passage to America, given freedom and land at the end of their contract |
Powhatan | group of Native Americans that helped and also fought with the Jamestown settlers |
Pocahontas | Daughter of a Native American chief that helped Jamestown by providing food |
House of Burgesses | first representative government in North America, located in Virginia colony |
Separatists | Also called the Pilgrims, wanted to break from the Church of England. |
Plymouth | Name of the colony that the Separatists established for religious freedom |
Mayflower Compact | government of the Pilgrims that set up majority rule in their colony |
Squanto | Native American that helped Pilgrims by showing them how to grow food using fish as a technique |
Puritans | Religious group that wanted to stay in the Church of England and reform it |
Massachusetts Bay | the name of the colony the Puritans established |
Theocracy | type of government in which religious leaders make the laws |
John Winthrop | governor of Massachusetts Bay, leader of the Puritans |
William Bradford | governor of Plymouth, leader of the Pilgrims |
City on a hill | name of a speech given by John Winthrop that says Massachusetts will be an example of religious faith and hard work |
Thomas Hooker | founder of the Connecticut colony |
Roger Williams | founder of Rhode Island, wanted peace with Native Americans |
Rhode Island | the first colony that established religious freedom |
Anne Hutchinson | woman that challenged the leadership of Massachusetts Bay by holding her own church meetings |
New Netherland | Dutch colony that would become New York, encouraged tolerance |
Quakers | religious group that settled Pennsylvania |
Quakers | believed in equality between men and women, slavery was evil, and they could experience God through an "Inner Light" |
First Great Awakening | religious movement that swept through the colonies in the early 1700's |
First Great Awakening | Revival that led to more religious tolerance and more churches |
George Whitefield | Famous preacher in the First Great Awakening that traveled all over the colonies |
Jonathon Edwards | First Great Awakening preacher who preached the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God |
Middle Passage | the journey slaves took from Africa to the Americas |
Triangular Trade | a network of trading between the Americas, Europe, and Africa exchanging raw materials, manufactured goods, and slaves |
Mercantilism | the economic system in which a mother country sends manufactured goods to its colonies in exchange for raw materials |
Georgia | founded as a buffer colony and a place for the poor to work off their debts |
Debtor | a person that owes money to another |
James Oglethorpe | founder of Georgia colony |
Cash crops | crops that are sold to make profits in a global market |
Overt | ways in which slaves fought back that were obvious; they ran away or led a rebellion against their owners |
Passive | ways slaves resisted slavery that were not obvious; they slowed down work, broke equipment, faked illnesses |
Navigation Acts | Laws passed by Parliament that regulated trade in the colonies so that only England benefited |
Separatists | religious group that wanted to break away from the Church of England |
Navigation Acts | series of laws that required colonies to only trade with Great Britain |
France | country in Europe that colonized Canada and the Mississippi River Valley |
Spain | country in Europe that founded colonies in South America, Mexico, and the Southwest |
William Penn | leader of Quakers that signed a treaty with the Native Americans |
Spain | Catholic nation, colonized the Americas for gold and to convert Natives to Christianity |
France | Catholic nation that colonized America to profit off the fur trade with Natives |