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Summer Brasel Unit 1
Vocabulary Unit #1-August 31
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jamestown | the first successful and permanent English colony in North America |
| Joint-Stock Company | group of investors that share the profits and losses of a colony |
| John Smith | person that helped Jamestown survive with his leadership |
| John Rolfe | the person that introduced tobacco growing in Jamestown, made it successful |
| Indentured servant | a person that agrees to work for 7-10 years in exchange for free passage to America, given freedom and land at the end of their contract |
| Powhatan | group of Native Americans that helped and also fought with the Jamestown settlers |
| Pocahontas | Daughter of a Native American chief that helped Jamestown by providing food |
| House of Burgesses | first representative government in North America, located in Virginia colony |
| Separatists | Also called the Pilgrims, wanted to break from the Church of England |
| Plymouth | Name of the colony that the Separatists established for religious freedom |
| Mayflower Compact | government of the Pilgrims that set up majority rule in their colony |
| Squanto | Native American that helped pilgrims by showing them how to grow food using fish as a technique |
| Puritans | Religious group that wanted to stay in the Church of England and reform it |
| Massachusetts Bay | the name of the colony the Puritans established |
| Theocracy | type of government in which religious leaders make the laws |
| John Winthrope | governor of Massachusetts Bay, leader of the Puritans |
| William Bradford | Governor of Plymouth, leader of the Pilgrims |
| City on a Hill | name of a speech given by John Winthrop that says Massachusetts will be an example of religious faith and hard work |
| Thomas Hooker | Founder of the Conneticut colony. |
| Roger Williams | The founder of Rhode Island, wanted peace with Native Americans |
| Rhode Island | The first colony that estalished religious freedom. |
| Anne Hutchinson | woman that challenged the leadership of Massachusetts Bay by holding her own church meetings |
| New Netherland | Dutch colony that would become New York, encouraged tolerance |
| Quakers | Religious group that settled Pennsylvania and believed in equality between men and women, that slavery was evil, and that they could experience God through an “Inner Light” |
| The Great Awakening | religious movement that swept through the colonies in the early 1700s; a revival that led to more religious tolerance and more churches |
| George Whitefiled | Famous preacher in the First Great Awakening that traveled all over the colonies |
| Jonathon Edwards | First Great Awakening preacher who preached the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God |
| Middle Passage | the journey slaves took from Africa to the Americas |
| Triangular Trade | a network of trading between the Americans, Europe and Africa exchanging raw materials, manufactured goods and slaves |
| Mercantilism | the economic system in which a mother country sends manufactured goods to its colonies in exchange for raw materials |
| Georgia | founded as a buffer colony and a place for the poor to work off their debts |
| debtor | a person that owes money to another |
| James Oglethorpe | Founder of Georgia colony |
| Cash crops | crops that are sold to make profit at global market. |
| Overt | ways in which slaves fought back that were obvious; they ran away or led a rebellion against their owners |
| Passive Resistence | ways slaves resisted slavery that were not obvious; they slowed down work, broke equipment, faked illnesses |
| Navigation Acts | Laws passed by Parliament that regulated trade in the colonies so that only England benefited (colonies could only trade with Great Britain) |
| William Penn | leader of the Quakers that signed a treaty with the Native Americans |
| France | Catholic nation that colonized America to profit off the fur trade with Natives |
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