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Inflammation, Part 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Leukotrienes | Family of lipid-based inflammatory mediators produced by leukocytes through the oxidation of arachidonic acid |
Bradykinin | Peptide in the kinin cascade that promotes inflammation by causing vasodilation, increasing capillary permeability and stimulating prostaglandin release |
Histamine | Chemical released by mast cells that mediates the inflammatory response through vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and increased bronchial secretions |
Prostaglandins | Group of lipids that sensitize nerves to pain, regulate blood clotting, and stimulate uterine contractions |
Hyperemia | Increased blood flow |
Cardinal signs of inflammation | Redness (rubor or erythema), swelling (edema), heat, pain, and, in some cases, loss of function |
Malaise | General feeling of being unwell |
Leukocytosis | High white blood cell (WBC) count |
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | Measurement of how quickly red blood cells (RBCs) descend to the bottom of a test tube |
Differential white blood cell count | Measurement of the percentages of each type of leukocyte: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes |
C-reactive protein | Liver protein used as an indicator of inflammation |
CK-MB | Creatine kinase isoenzyme released by injured heart muscle |
ALT | Alanine transaminase, a liver enzyme that is elevated in damaged liver tissue |
Granuloma | Small, localized area of inflammation that contains an aggregate of macrophages |
Fibroblast | Type of connective tissue cell that produces fibers such as collagen |
Collagen | Strong thick protein fiber found in many types of connective tissue |
Rheumatoid arthritis | Chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own joints |
Perforation | Hole that develops through the wall of a body organ |
Aspirin | Acetylsalicylic acid; a synthetic NSAID based on a willow bark extract that reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and platelet activation |
Reye's syndrome | Poorly understood condition that causes confusion and swelling of the liver and brain; children taking aspirin during their recovery from viral infections are especially susceptible |