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Pharmacology, Pt 1

Introduction to Pharmacology, Part 1

TermDefinition
Pharmacology Study of drugs, their actions, dosages, therapeutic uses (indications) and adverse effects
Indications Approved uses or diseases for which a drug has proved effective
Contraindications Circumstances under which a drug should usually not be administered
Idiosyncratic Unexpected or unusual reactions to a drug
Synergism Combined effect of 2 drugs with similar indications that is greater than the sum of their individual effects
Potentiation Enhancement of the effect of one drug by another drug that does not elicit the desired response on its own
Agonist Drug that binds to a receptor and mimics the effect(s) of its natural ligand
Antagonist Drug that binds to a receptor and blocks its normal function
Teratogenic Harmful to a fetus, leading to developmental defects
Pharmacokinetics Study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
First-pass effect Degree of metabolic breakdown of a drug, especially when administered orally, that occurs (typically in the liver) before it reaches its site of action or the systemic circulation
Half-life Time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease to half of its original value
Sublingual Under the tongue
Topical Applied to a body surface
Subcutaneous Under the skin; below the epidermis and dermis
Intraperitoneal Within the peritoneum (a membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and encloses many of the digestive organs)
Enteral Via the digestive tract
Parenteral Outside the digestive tract (typically intravenous)
Transdermal patch Method of drug delivery in which an adhesive patch provides a dose of medication that is absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream
Suppository Dosage form used to deliver medication by insertion into a body orifice, where it dissolves or melts to exert local or systemic effects
Enema Injections of fluid used to cleanse or stimulate the emptying of the bowels
Elixir Liquid form of medication that contains alcohol-soluble components
Created by: KES-HFHS
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