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Fluid Imbalances Pt2
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances, Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anorexia | Decreased appetite |
| Paresthesia | Pins and needles sensation due to pressure on or damage to the peripheral nerves |
| Hypocalcemia | Serum calcium deficit (less than 4 mEq/L) |
| Carpopedal spasm | Abnormal twitching of the fingers or toes |
| Tetany | Condition characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, cramping, and overstimulated peripheral nerves |
| Hypercalcemia | Excessive serum calcium (more than 5 mEq/L) |
| Hypophosphatemia | Low serum phosphate levels |
| Hyperphosphatemia | Excessive serum phosphate levels |
| Hypochloremia | Low serum chloride |
| Hyperchloremia | Excess chloride ion |
| Buffer | Weak acid or base and its conjugate salt that resists changes in pH |
| Bicarbonate buffer system | Balance between carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) that helps to buffer the blood's pH |
| Alkaline | Basic; having a pH above 7 |
| Acidosis | Lower than normal pH in the body's fluids |
| Compensation | Ability of other body systems to maintain homeostasis when one or more other organs are not able to function adequately |
| Decompensation | Inability of the body to maintain overall homeostasis |
| Hyponatremia | Serum sodium level below 135 mEq/L |
| Hyperkalemia | Serum potassium level in excess of 5 mEq/L |
| Hypomagnesemia | Low serum magnesium level |
| Hypermagnesemia | Excess serum magnesium level |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis | Serious complication of diabetes that develops when cells are forced to rely on the breakdown of fats rather than glucose, producing acidic ketones that lower blood pH to dangerous levels |
| Alkalosis | High blood pH |