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Fluid Imbalances Pt1
Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances, Part 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Intravascular fluid | Fluid contained within blood and lymphatic vessels |
| Interstitial fluid | Extracellular fluid found in the spaces around cells |
| Osmoreceptors | Cell surface proteins that sense the body's internal fluid volume and concentration |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin | Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that promotes the reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules |
| Aldosterone | Mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases the reabsorption of salt and water and the excretion of potassium from the kidneys |
| Atrial natriuretic peptide | Hormone made and released by the myocardial cells of the heart's atria in response to atrial stretch; it decreases blood pressure by increasing salt and water excretion and dilating blood vessels |
| Osmotic pressure | Minimum pressure needed to prevent the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane |
| Osmosis | Movement of a solvent such as water through a semipermeable membrane toward a region of higher solute concentration |
| Hydrostatic pressure | Pressure exerted by a fluid due to the force of gravity |
| Isotonic | Comparative term for two solutions of equal concentration |
| Hypertonic | Referring to a solution that is more concentrated than another |
| Hypotonic | Referring to a solution that is less concentrated than another |
| Edema | Excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial compartment that results in swelling of the tissues |
| Hypovolemia | Condition in which the liquid blood volume (plasma) is too low |
| Hypervolemia | Condition in which the liquid blood volume (plasma) is too high |
| Ascites | Fluid in the abdominal cavity |
| Skin turgor | Measure of the hydration level and elasticity of skin cells |
| Electrolytes | Mineral ions in body fluids such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and phosphate ions |
| Cation | Positively charged ion |
| Anion | Negatively charged ion |
| Milliequivalent | Measure of electrolyte concentration consisting of millimoles x charge |
| Hypernatremia | Excessive level of sodium in the blood and extracellular fluids (more than 145 mEq/L) |
| Hypokalemia | Insufficient serum potassium levels (less than 3.5 mEq/L) |
Created by:
KES-HFHS
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