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Renal/Digestive

TermDefinition
Excretory Organs Colon - solid waste(fiber) Liver- Hydrophobic Waste (Fats) Kidney- Hydrophilic waste
Nephron Functional unit of filtration Glomerulus cap bed Proximal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle - Short/Long loop - Filtration/concentration Distal Convoluted Tubule Collecting Duct
Filtration in Kidneys Moving substance across membranes using pressure Substance: Plasma Membrane: Glomerulus Pressure: Blood Pressure
Reabsorption in Kidneys Move a substance from filtrate to blood -Glucose -AA -Water Most Filtrate volume is reabsorbed
Decretion in Kidneys Actively move substance from blood to filtrate -Toxins/Drugs/Creatine
Glomerulus Capillary bed in the Kidneys Afferent/Efferent Arteriole in/out - Helps control BP
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)` Reabsorb: Salt, Water, Glucose, AA, Vitamins Secrete: Drugs, H+, Ammonia Relatively Unregulated
Loop of Henle Works with osmolarity gradient Increases deeper into medulla Descending limb - Water Permeable Ascending Limb - Salt Permeable -Active towards end of ascending limb
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) Specialized (active) Reabsorption/Secretion Ca+, Na+, Cl-
Collecting Duct Regulated water Reabsorption (with ADH opening aquaporins) Travels through same Osmolarity gradient as Loop of Henle
Vasa Recta Capillary bed from Efferent Arteriole Wraps around nephron all molecules secreted/reabsorbed from vasa recta
Counter current multiplier Blood and filtrate flow opposite to each other As one increases osmolarity, the other decreases Helps establish large osmolarity gradient outside nephron
Renin-Angiotensin System Kidney Secretes Renin Renin Converts angiotensinogen from liver to Angiotensin 1 ACE (lungs) activates angiotensin 1 to 2 Systemic Vasoconstriction/increases aldosterone release
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) Contact point of Afferent Arteriole and Distal Convoluted Tubule Cells of afferent arteriole - Baroreceptor -Release renin if pressure falls Cells of Distal Tubule - Chemoreceptor -Dilate afferent arteriole/trigger renin release if Osmolarity low
Pancreas Endocrine: Insulin/Glucagon Exocrine: HCO3 - Base into intestine to neutralize stomach acid -digestive enzymes: Protease (Trypsinogen-->Trypsin by enterokinase)
Alimentary Canal Tube that runs through you Mucosa (Epithelium on lumin) Submucosa Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Serosa
Hepatic portal vein Portal vein system between submucosa and liver
Mucosa Function Inner layer of the alimentary canal Absorb/breakdown food Protection Lubrication
Submucosa Function Blood vessels absorb AA/Glucose and deliver to liver Lymph vessels absorb fat Enteric Nervous system: Gut brain
Circular muscle Function Mix and segment the food
Longitudinal Muscle Layer Function Peristalsis - Move food through gut
Serosa Connective tissue
Structure of stomach Gastric glands and Pyloric Sphincter Mucus cells Parietal cells: Secrete HCl Chief Cells: Secrete pepsinogen
Small Intestine Structure Duodenum (First) Jejunum: middle half - Digestion Ileum: Absorption and large increase in surface area due to folding - Plicae to Vilus to Microvilli
Small intestine Secretions Enterokinase - activate trypsin Brush border enzymes like sucrase Secretion: Release HCO3 Enterogastrone: Slow digestion
Sphincters and valves in GI tract Cardiac Pyloric Ileocecal Valve Internal/external anal
Created by: mnmoon
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