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Chapter 5

Microbiology: genetics

TermDefinition
Genetics The study of inheritance and inheritable traits as expressed by an organisms genetic material (rna to be used for dfferent functions) (mrna is only rna encoded)
Genome The entire genetic component of an organism including its nucleotides.
Nucleic acid polymers made of nucleotides (either for DNA or RNA)
What are nucleotides made of? pentose sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), phosphate group, and nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine)
What are the 5 nitrogenous bases? For DNA it's adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine. For RNA it's adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil.
which of the nitrogenous bases can be complementary to each other? A--T, G---C for DNA, and A--U for rna
What is located at the 2' carbon of deoxyribose? What is located at the 2' carbon of ribose H at the 2' Ca of deoxyribose and OH of ribose
What structure does DNA have DNA is a double stranded, double helical structure that is antiparallel, and is held together by hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs
What is the function of DNA? contains the genetic material that will be used be transcribed into RNA in regions called ***
Genes section that contain genetic material for an organism
What allows RNA to have many functions? single stranded composed of nucleotides. Structure can vary on the type of protein and shape dictatres.
What are the 5 main types of RNA? What are their basic shape and function? Coding rna (mrna) linear, tRNA carry amino acid and contain anticodon, rRNA form ribosome complex, spliceosome splice introns from pre-mrna, and regulatory RNA (help regulate gene expression
What rna are coding RNA? mRNA
What RNA is involved in protein synthesis? tRNA and rRNA
Antisense RNA (asRNA) can bind to mRNA and prevent them from being translated
Splicesome RNA? snRNA used in eukaryote pre-mRNA
Regulatory RNA types Antisense RNA (blocks translation) micro RNA (miRNA) regulates translation, and small interfering RNA (silences gene expression)
What are the three types of RNA directly involved in the process of translation for all cells tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA
What type of chromosome do bacterial cells have? single or multiple? haploid or diploid? location? plasmid present? single circular DNA chromosome, haploid, located in the nucleoid, plasmids in the cytosol.
What type of chromosome do eukaryote cells have? single or multiple? haploid or diploid? location? plasmid present? linear, multiple, diploid, located in the nucleus, plasmid found in the mitochondria
what are the four types of bacteria plasmids? fertility factors, resistance factors, bacteriocin factors, virulence plasmids
Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA) helps with splicing of eukaryotic mRNA during processing
Micro RNA (miRNA) and Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can bind to mRNA molecules to prevent them from being translated by recruiting enzymes that hydrolyze them
Bacterial plasmid small molecules of dna that replicate independently, not essential, four types of plasmids
eukaryotic plasmids found in mitochondria and chloroplasts, similar to prokaryote chromosome, code for 5% of RNA and proteins, some fungi, algae, and protozoa
Do bacteria cells have histones? no
do eukaryotes have histones yes, located in nuclear chromosomes only
fertility factors genes that are responsible for conjugation pili
resistance factors genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistence factors
bacteriocin factors protein secreted that are toxic to other bacteria, is competitive w/other bacteria
Virulence plasmids genes that produce genes that are toxic to humans, or toxic to tissues
Created by: Acrob89
Popular Genetics sets

 

 



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