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Module 2 Vocabulary
Module 2 Population and Migration - Vocabulary and Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Emigration | leaving an area as part of a permanent move (in common language, this word has blended into immigration which includes both) |
| Environmental degradation | deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil and habitat destruction |
| Immigration | coming into an area as part of a permanent move (in common language this combines the terms immigration and emigration) |
| Population distribution | the pattern of where people live |
| Industrial Revolution | economic and social changes resulting from technology changes that started in England in 1760 - moving away from hand tools to power-driven machines |
| Agricultural density | the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land |
| Arable land | land that can be farmed |
| Arithmetic density | the total number of people divided by the total land area |
| Ecumene | the permanently inhabited portion of the earth as distinguished from the uninhabited or temporarily inhabited area |
| Intervening obstacle | a difficulty that prevents people from completing a planned migration |
| Intervening opportunity | a favorable circumstance that causes people to stop a planned migration to take advantage of the prospect |
| Physiological density | the number of people per unit of area of arable land |
| Pull factor | a motivator that draws people into an area |
| Push factor | a force that motivates people to leave an area |
| Carrying capacity | the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain |
| Overpopulation | when there are not enough resources in an area to support a population |
| Replacement-fertility level | when a population is neither growing or shrinking but staying about the same (an NIR of 0 or TFR of 2.1) |
| Age/sex ratio | comparison of the numbers of males and females of different ages |
| Population pyramid | a graph of the population of an area by age and sex - when a population is growing it takes a pyramid shape, hence the name |
| Zero population growth (ZPG) | when a country reaches replacement level fertility |
| Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | the number of live births per one thousand people in the population |
| Crude Death Rate (CDR) | the number of deaths per one thousand people in the population |
| Demography | the study of population |
| Doubling time | the time period it takes for a population to double in size |
| Fecundity | fancy word for fertility |
| Fertility | the number of live births occuring in a population |
| Infant mortality rate (IMR) | the number of children who don't survive their first year of life per 1000 live births in a country |
| Medical revolution | leap forward in medical technology and practices that have enabled people to live longer |
| Mortality | the number of deaths occuring in a population |
| Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) (also known as NIR) | (birth rate - death rate)/10 - a postive NIR means a population is growing and a negative NIR means a population is shrinking |
| Total fertility rate (TFR) | the average number of children a woman is predicted to have in her child bearing (fecund) years |
| Demographic Transition Model (DTM) | a model that helps explain how countries throughout the world tend to proceed through a similar process in term of CBR, CDR, and population |
| Epidemiologic Transition | distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition |
| Antinatalist policies | when a country provides incentives for people to have fewer children (sometimes including punishments) |
| Pronatalist policies | when a country provides incentives for people to have more children |
| Contraception | methods of preventing pregnancy |
| Dependency ratio | the ratio of the number of people not in the work force (dependents) and those who are in the work force (producers) - useful for understanding the pressure on the producers |
| Graying population | a shift in population where older people (gray hair!) become a bigger portion, usually as a result of declining birth rates |
| Life expectancy | the average number of years a person born in a country might expect to live |
| Asylum seeker | a person seeking residence in a country outside of their own because they fleeing persecution |
| Chain migration | a series of migrations within a group that begins with one person who through contact with the group, pulls people to migrate to the same area. |
| Forced migration | when people migrate not because the want to but because they have no other choice |
| Guest worker | a legal immigrant who is allowed into the country to work, usually for a relatively short time period |
| Internally displaced persons | a person forced to flee their home who remains in their home country |
| Refugee | a person who flees their home country and is not able to return |
| Step-migration | migration to a far away place that takes place in stages |
| Transhumance | moving herds of animals to the highlands in the summer and into the low lands in the winter |
| Transnational migration | moving across a border into another country |
| Voluntary migration | people choosing to migrate (not being forced) |
| Brain drain | when the majority of educated or skilled workers leave an area to pursue better opportunities elsewhere |
| Net migration | the difference between immigrants and emigrants per 1,000 inhabitants. (+Positive net migration means more people moving in than moving out, -negative net migration means more people moving out than moving in) |
| Internal migration | migration within a country |
| Unauthorized immigrant | person moving into a country without authorization |
| Urban | having to do with cities - urban areas are cities |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
nicholm221
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