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Castles
GCSE History A
| fact | fact |
|---|---|
| 1120 - 1174 | Geoffrey De Clinton builds Kenilworth as ordered by Henry I to keep an eye on the earl of Warwick (Roger) |
| Geoffrey De Clinton | Chamberlain (manages the household) and Treasurer to Henry I |
| 1124 | Defence Mechanisms built: 4.3m thick stone walls, located on a hill, low dam and large mere to drown Siegers |
| 1173-5 | Revolt- Kenilworth used by Henry II for defence |
| 1175-1244 | John I (magna carta) spent £1,100 on castle to defend from his nobles |
| 1244-1361 | Simon de Montfort built walls and Earthworks to defend Kenilworth as well as trebuchets |
| 1244 | Kenilworth was granted to Simon de Montfort by King Henry III |
| 1265-6 | Montfort rebellion - Kenilworth held 12,000 rebels who refused Henry III's terms of surrender |
| 1266 June | Henry came to lay siege upon the castle, failure, until De Montfort’s men surrendered 6 months later (longest siege in history) with only 2 days of food left |
| 1266-1361 | Henry III gave Kenilworth to his son Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, who increased its palatial-ness and comfortableness |
| Earl of Lancaster added | A water tower to provide accommodation for officials and servants and A new Chapel - one of the largest chapels of its time (30m long) |
| 1361-99 | John of Gaunt - England was more peaceful so castles were not needed for defence - Kenilworth became a symbol of wealth and prestige |
| The great hall | Used as an expression of Gaunt’s massive wealth with tapestries, carvings, large windows like a cathedral |
| Gaunt Added | 100 male servant, Tapestries hung over fireplaces, large kitchens, Saint Lowe Tower, Strong Tower |
| 1362 | John of Gaunt called Duke of Lancaster - under him Kenilworth went from a fortress to the centre of administration to run the Midlands of England |
| 1553-1642 | Robert Dudley renovates and improves Kenilworth into a grand Elizabethan castle/ Luxurious palace |
| 1553 | John Dudley granted Kenilworth but shortly executed by Mary I so his son Robert |
| Dudley added | A widened dam for jousting tournaments, three grid windows on the keep, Great chamber to display his art, a clock, private lodgings for the queen |
| Queen Elizabeth I visited Dudley | 1566, 1568, 1572 and 1575 |
| Romantic Garden | Built by Dudley to impress Queen Elizabeth I, it had roses as they were her favourite flower |
| Elizabeth and Dudley | Elizabeth stayed at Kenilworth castle for 19 days (longest she had stayed a courtier’s house) they were childhood friends |
| 1642 - Now | Kenilworth after rob |
| 1649 | After being occupied by parliamentarians from the outbreak of the Civil War Kenilworth was slighted (destroyed perfectly) to stop it being defended by Colonel Joseph Hawkesworth |
| Colonel Joseph Hawkesworth | Was given Kenilworth until it became a farm |
| 1800s | Hawkesworth demolished most of the rest of the castle for building materials to use in near villages - it became roofless ruin |
| 1821 | Sir Walter Scott wrote a historical novel about Kenilworth leading to it becoming a tourist attraction |
| 1937 | Sir John Davenport Siddley bought the site and gave it to the nation and the castle was cared for as a tourist attraction |
| 1958 | it was given to Kenilworth town council |
| 1984 | English Heritage became responsible for it’s care |
| May 2009 | The Elizabethan garden was recreated and opened for visitors |
Created by:
ushsjen
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