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Unit 2
Early Natives of Georgia, European Exploration, Founding of Georgia
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mississippian Indians | (800 C.E.-1600 C.E.) - the last major prehistoric Native American culture in Georgia; known for being large scale farmers and mound builders who traded throughout North America. |
| Okefenokee Swamp | the largest swamp in North America; was the home to many Native Americans and a location for Spanish missions. |
| Horticulture | garden cultivation; important to the Mississippian culture. |
| Maize | another term for corn. |
| Mercantilism | the English economic policy focused on exporting more than importing. |
| Missions | churches set up by the Spanish in hopes of converting Native Americans to Christianity. |
| Barrier islands | several island off Georgia’s coast; inhabited by Native Americans; the Spanish built several missions on these islands. |
| Hernando De Soto | (1496-1542) - Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition through the Southeastern United States; credited as being the first European in Georgia. |
| Royal period (colony) | the royal period in Georgia beginning in 1752 after the trustees gave authority of the colony to the king. The royal period lasted until the Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution in 1783. |
| Savannah | The first capital of Georgia; founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe. |
| Trustees | A group of 21 men who established the colony of Georgia. Of the group, only one, James Oglethorpe, came to the colony. |
| Trustee period | (1732-1751) - the time period when Georgia was governed by the trustees. The trustees created many regulations during the time period, including a ban on slavery, liquor and liquor dealers, lawyers, and Catholics. |
| Charter of 1732 | the document that formally established the colony of Georgia; outlines the reasons for Georgia’s founding and the regulations set up by the trustees. |
| Debtor | someone who owed more money to creditors than they had. Creditors could have those who owed them money that could not pay it back immediately placed in debtor’s prisons. |
| Reasons for establishing Georgia | Philanthropy, Economics, Defense |
| Defense | one of three reasons for Georgia’s founding; colony was to serve as a defensive buffer between Spanish Florida and the successful English colony of South Carolina. |
| Economics | one of the three reasons for Georgia’s founding. The English hoped that Georgia would be able to produce wine, rice, silk, and indigo. |
| Indigo | a plant used to produce a blue dye |
| Mulberry Trees | used in the production of silk. The silk worms were placed on the trees and used the leaves as food. The Georgia colonists were required to set aside a portion of their land to grow the trees. |
| Philanthropy | James Oglethorpe and the trustees hoped to bring debtors and England’s “worthy poor” to the colony to begin new lives. However, no debtor was ever released from debtors’ prison to come to Georgia. |
| Royal governor | Governor appointed by the English Monarch to run a colony. Georgia had three royal governors. |
| W.R.I.S.T. crops | crops produced in the Georgia colony: wine, rice, indigo, silk, and tobacco. |
| Worthy poor | people in debtor's prison who Oglethorpe believed that, if given a chance, could be farmers and businessmen in Georgia. |
| Highland Scots | known as some of the best fighters in Europe in the 1700’s. James Oglethorpe brought a group to Georgia to serve as soldiers for the colony. Founded the town of Darien. |
| Mary Musgrove | (1700-1763) - Creek Indian woman who served as the translator for James Oglethorpe and Yamacraw Chief Tomochichi |
| James Oglethorpe | (1696-1785) - one of the 21 members of the trustees who established Georgia; only trustee to come to the colony and served as the military and governmental leader of the colony. |
| Tomochichi | was the Chief of the Yamacraw Indians. Tomochichi befriended James Oglethorpe and allowed him to establish the colony of Georgia on Yamacraw territory. |
| Malcontents | a group of colonists who complained about the trustee regulations for the Georgia colony; primary complaint was the ban on slavery and rum. Eventually the malcontents got their way as liquor and slavery were allowed in Georgia in the 1750’s. |
| Salzburgers | a group of Protestants from Austria who were invited to settle in Georgia due to religious persecution they were experiencing in Europe; established the towns of Ebenezer and New Ebenezer; were some of the most successful colonists. |
| Incentives | Both financial and nonfinancial that motivate a particular course of action. In the Georgia colony, the trustees offered potential colonists: 50 acres of land, agricultural tools, and enough food for one year. |
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