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Global 10 Review
Review for the Regents Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mughal Empire | Muslim Empire that ruled India during the arrival of the British East India Company and granted them privileges to do business |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | Feudal rulers of Japan that went into seclusion in the 1600s and fell behind technologically. During their rule, if you left Japan and returned, you would be killed! |
| Alternate Attendance Policy | Required the daimyos (lords) of Japan to live in the capital of Edo every other year to increase the power of the Shogun |
| Versailles | The Bourbon Family of France lived in this extravagant palace outside of Paris |
| King Louis XIV (14th) | This absolute monarch required the nobles to live with him in the palace of Versailles to increase his power ("Gilded Cage") |
| Jean -Jacques Rousseau | Wrote The Social Contract, arguing that people follow the rules of government in exchange for protections of their rights |
| Voltaire | Enlightenment thinker that argued for the freedom of speech, religion and press |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | Enlightenment thinker that argued women should be right to an education |
| William Wilberforce | Enlightenment thinker that argued against the slave trade in England |
| Catherine the Great | Russian empress and considered an enlightened despot for embracing some ideas like education for women |
| American Revolution | Caused the first nation in the New World to gain their independence and inspired the French and Latin Revolutions |
| King Louis XVI (16th) | Although he claimed divine right, he was overthrown in the French Revolution and beheaded along with his wife, Marie Antoinette |
| Robespierre | Jacobin radical who ruled France and led the Reign of Terror until his beheading |
| Napoleon | Conquered much of Europe, hated England, made a law code, crowned himself emperor and failed to invade Russia |
| Olympe de Gouge | Wrote "The Declaration of the Rights of Women" arguing women should have rights like the men who wrote "The Declaration of the Rights of Man" |
| The National Assembly | The Third Estate of France named themselves this and vowed to continue to meet until they had a constitution in the Tennis Court Oath |
| Leader of the Haitian Revolution | Toussaint L'Ouverture |
| Unification of Italy | Cavour, Garibaldi and Mazzini led this nationalist movement |
| Unification of Germany | Otto von Bismarck led this movement in Germany arguing for "blood and iron" and realpoltik |
| Agrarian Revolution | The Enclosure Movement, seed drill, potatoes and turnips, fertilizers are causes of this turning point that led to rapid urbanization |
| Industrial Revolution | Began in Great Britain due to coal, iron, navigable rivers, protection of private property and surge in population |
| Steam Engine | Most important invention of the Industrial Revolution that revolutionized the way things are made and transported |
| Capitalism | Adam Smith advocated for this economic system that prioritizes private property, supply & demand and free market competition |
| Karl Marx | Wrote "The Communist Manifesto" predicting a workers revolution to address the problems of Industrial laborers. His work led to the rise of unions. |
| Potato Famine | The Irish faced this time period where there wasn't enough to eat because the British took most of their grain and a disease infested their main food source. |
| Matthew Perry | His arrival to Japan from the United States led to the Treaty of Kanagawa which forced Japan to open their trade to America |
| Meiji Era | During this time of rapid modernization, Japan transformed from a feudal society to the most powerful nation in Asia |
| Russo-Japanese War | Conflict between Japan and Russia that proved Japanese military capabilities and that Russia was weak at the turn of the 20th century |
| Russian Revolution | Czar Nicholas II was overthrown in this major turning point after failing to protect this soldiers in World War I and ensure food and rights for his people |
| Vladimir Lenin | Leader of the Russian Revolution, Bolshevik communist, promised "Peace, Land, Bread" |
| New Economic Policy | Lenin allowed for some small scale privatization to improve the economy after years of war in Russia during this program |
| Joseph Stalin | Transformed the USSR into a superpower after his 5 year plan, collectivization and Great Purges to eliminate potential rivals |
| Holodomor | The forced famine designed by Stalin to eliminate the kulaks or wealthy Ukrainian farmers after they resisted surrendering their private property (collectivization) |
| World War I | Began in 1914, causes were militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism |
| Berlin Conference | Meeting held in Germany to discuss European nations' conquest of Africa |
| The Zulu Kingdom | Shaka Zulu led resistance against the Dutch farmers and British settlers in South Africa |
| King Leopold II | Belgian king that is responsible for the deaths of 10 million Congolese from the rubber trade |
| The Opium War | The Treaty of Nanking ended this conflict between the Chinese and British governments and gave England Hong Kong |
| Spheres of Influence | After the Opium War, more foreigners set up these areas of trade and they enjoyed extraterritorial rights |
| The Boxer Rebellion | Anti-foreign rebellion in China (1900) supported by Empress Dowager Cixi |
| Sepoy Mutiny | Soldiers working for the British East India Company that rebelled and lost which led to the British Raj |
| Extraterritorial Rights | During the age of imperialism, many treaties granted Europeans this - the ability to abide by their own laws instead of local laws in the areas they imperialized |
| The Treaty of Versailles | Ended WWI, forced Germany to pay large reparations, limit their military and surrender colonies to become mandates, helped lead to WWII |
| Mandate System | The French and British controlled territories given up by the losing Central Powers of WWI as outlined by the League of Nations |
| The League of Nations | Founded after WWI in order to preserve peace but weak without the participation of the United States |
| Nationalism | Contributes to unity as well as division within or between nations |
| Trench Warfare | Fighting between the Central and Allied Powers during WWI because of the machine gun and poison gas that made the war a defensive war that was mostly a stalemate |
| Armenian Genocide | Genocide caused by the Ottoman Turks against the Christians living in their empire in Armenia |
| Imperialism | Industrialization, the quest for natural resources, markets and labor led to this competition for colonies worldwide |
| French Revolution | High cost of bread, over taxation, the Enlightenment, Inequality, Absolutism are causes of this event |
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