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Modern Middle East
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Establishment of Israel | After WWII the United Nation agreed to split Palestine area into a Jewish State [Israel] and a Palestinian state [Muslim Arabs]. The Jewish people had not had the own land for 2,000 years. In 1948 Israel became a country |
| Invasion of Afghanistan | Invasion after 9/11/01 by a coalition of countries led by the United States in pursuit of al Qaeda. |
| Ottoman Empire | A Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from the 1300's to 1922. |
| Persian Gulf War (1991) | Saddam Hussein's Iraq invades Kuwait. United States develops a coalition of countries to push Iraq out, which they do after an extensive air campaign and a short ground offensive. |
| Sykes-Picot Accord . | Secret agreement; Division of the Ottoman Empire between the British and the French into Mandates |
| Syrian Civil War | Ongoing conflict between Bashar al-Assad and diverse rebel forces in Syria |
| Iran-Iraq war | Iraq and Iran engage in war for eight years. Iraq uses chemical weapons on Iranians. No clear winner and the war ends in a cease fire. |
| Arab Spring | A revolutionary wave of protests and demonstrations overtaking dictators in numerous countries in the Middle East |
| mandates | Authority given to a country to control, but not own, a territory. The British and the French used mandates to divide and control the Middle East after World War I. |
| ISIS/ISIL | The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria |
| Iran Hostage Crisis | In November 1979, revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage. The Carter administration tried unsuccessfully to negotiate for the hostages release. On January 20, 1981, the day Carter left offi |
| Saddam Hussein | As president of Iraq, Saddam maintained power through the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and the first Persian Gulf War (1991). |
| War on Terrorism | Response to 9/11, US would actively fight terrorism throughout the world |
| Weapons of Mass Destruction | Nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons that U.N. weapons inspectors search for in Iraq following the Persian Gulf War. |
| Al Qaeda | Terrorist group led by Osama bin Laden that planned and attacked the United States on September 11, 2001, hijacking four planes and leading to the deaths of thousands. |
| WWI in the Middle East | Ottoman Empire on the side of the Central Powers, threatened British holdings in Africa and Asia. Ottoman Empire eventually defeated and Britain occupying their territory. |
| Israel (1948) | The establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. |
| George H.W. Bush | President after Reagan. President during the Pursian Gulf War. |
| Camp David Accords | The first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country, in which Egyptian president Anwar Sadat recognized Israel as a legitimate state and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt. |
| Golan Heights | Israel controls it. International community feels syria should own it, however Israel feels it's more complex. |
| Persian Gulf War II (2003) | Second invasion of Iraq following accusations that the Iraqi government was not complying with United Nations weapons inspectors. After a short air and ground offensive, the Saddam Hussein's regime was toppled. |
| Arab-Israeli wars | Series of wars between Israel and its neighbors over the course of ~70 years |
| Suez Crisis | Gamel Abdel nasser (egypt's president.) nationalized the British controlled Suez canal. Israel, Great Britain, and France attacked Egypt and won. The U.S and Soviet Union influenced the invading powers to leave Egypt. |
| Palestinian Territory | The West Bank, Gaza Strip East Jerusalem. |
| Partition of the British Palestine Mandate | United Nations proposal that would have divided Palestine into two parts, one for the Palestinian Arabs and one for a Jewish state. |
| OPEC Oil Embargo | Arab OPEC countries upset w/ Israel and countries allied with israel create an oil embargo, driving up gas prices. (1973-1974) |
| Six-Day war | Egypt and it's Arab allies prepare for confrontation w/ israel. Israel was proactive and attacked airfields in Egypt, Iran, Jordan, and Syria. Israel fought on the ground also. ISRAEL WON Israel gained control of Jerusalem, Sinai peninsula, Go |
| Middle East Mandates | Ottoman Empire crumbles- Iraq, Iran, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon created (Europe held power temporarily.) |
| OPEC | An international organization primarily concerned with coordinating crude oil prices. Created in 1960. Member countries set ceilings on production in order to prevent over production and price decreases. |
| Anti-Semitism | prejudice against jews |
| Balfour Declaration | British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews. at the time during WW1 Palestine was under Ottoman control, Ottoman were the muslim and British enemy |
| Zionism | A movement in the 1890's to promote the establishment of a national homeland for Jews in Palestine |
| PLO | Palestinian Liberation Organization (created in 1964) Their goal was to fight for a Palestinian state |
| Intifada | An uprising of civil disobedience by Palestinian Arabs occupation in both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank) |
| OPEC countries Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela | Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela |
Created by:
Ella DeDario
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