Growth of segregated transport

In 1881 Tennessee brought in a segregated rail law with other states following suit and segregating transport.

Booker T Washington's approach to segregation

Believed that African American's should focus on taking advantage of the economic situation of the gilded age instead of trying to get civil rights legislation passed.

Supreme court decision in 1896. Established the 'separate but equal' doctrine of segregation, and showed that segregation was not unconstitutional.

Common in the South and North. Cities such as Chicago and New York had concentrated districts of African Americans (such as Harlem).

Voter restriction laws

Voter registration laws restricted African American voters and turned them into a powerless minority by 1895. Grandfather clauses, poll taxes and literacy tests were used to restrict voting.

African American Congressmen

The last African American Congressman (George H. White) retired in 1901.

Violence and lynching

A mob rule system had the unspoken consent of the authorities, leading to violence and lynching for minor offences.

Westward expansion continued with over 40,000 African Americans moving and becoming pioneers, however few people had the money or skills to do this, so had to remain in their prejudiced homes.

Arrests and labour camps

Many false arrests were carried out with a disproportionate number of African American in prisons and labour camps, which were used to train and control the young men.

Literacy improvements

The literacy rate for African Americans rose from 1 in 20 in 1865 to 1 in 2 in 1895.

African American organisations

There were a rise in the number of religious organisations, banks, insurance schemes and societies run by African Americans.

African American skilled workers

By 1900 there were 47,000 African American professionals, such as doctors, lawyers, teachers and artists (although this was out of 8 million people).

Booker T Washington's support for his educational establishments laid the basis for action and discussion of civil rights later on.

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AA Gilded Age

Key facts for the Gilded Age African American Civil Rights. A level OCR history,

Term	Definition
Growth of segregated transport	In 1881 Tennessee brought in a segregated rail law with other states following suit and segregating transport.
Booker T Washington's approach to segregation	Believed that African American's should focus on taking advantage of the economic situation of the gilded age instead of trying to get civil rights legislation passed.
Plessy v. Ferguson	Supreme court decision in 1896. Established the 'separate but equal' doctrine of segregation, and showed that segregation was not unconstitutional.
Segregated districts	Common in the South and North. Cities such as Chicago and New York had concentrated districts of African Americans (such as Harlem).
Voter restriction laws	Voter registration laws restricted African American voters and turned them into a powerless minority by 1895. Grandfather clauses, poll taxes and literacy tests were used to restrict voting.
African American Congressmen	The last African American Congressman (George H. White) retired in 1901.
Violence and lynching	A mob rule system had the unspoken consent of the authorities, leading to violence and lynching for minor offences.
Westward expansion	Westward expansion continued with over 40,000 African Americans moving and becoming pioneers, however few people had the money or skills to do this, so had to remain in their prejudiced homes.
Arrests and labour camps	Many false arrests were carried out with a disproportionate number of African American in prisons and labour camps, which were used to train and control the young men.
Literacy improvements	The literacy rate for African Americans rose from 1 in 20 in 1865 to 1 in 2 in 1895.
African American organisations	There were a rise in the number of religious organisations, banks, insurance schemes and societies run by African Americans.
African American skilled workers	By 1900 there were 47,000 African American professionals, such as doctors, lawyers, teachers and artists (although this was out of 8 million people).
Tuskegee institute	Booker T Washington's support for his educational establishments laid the basis for action and discussion of civil rights later on.

Created by: Charlie_M

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