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Semantics final exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Declarative | Potentially true or false descriptions of situations (statements) |
| Interrogative | Elicits a verbal response from the addressee (questions) |
| Imperative | Indicates the speaker's desire to influence future events (commands) |
| Optative | Expressing a wish |
| Speech act theory | A reaction against assumptions embedded in other theories: that the basic sentence type in language is declarative, that the central use of language is to describe the state of affairs, that utterances can be characterized as true or false |
| Performative utterance | An utterance that performs an action; tends to begin with a first-person verb in simple present, describing verbal activities |
| Felicity conditions | The enabling conditions for a performative |
| Felicitous | A speech act that can be enabled |
| Infelicitous | A speech act that cannot be enabled |
| Locutionary act | The basic act of a speaker saying something meaningful in language |
| Locutionary meaning | The literal meaning of an utterance |
| Illocutionary act | The action intended by the speaker |
| Illocutionary meaning | The intended meaning of an utterance |
| Perlocutionary act | Concerned with what follows an utterance |
| Representatives (Searle) | Commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition (asserting, concluding) |
| Directives (Searle) | Where the speaker tries to get the addressee to do something (requesting, questioning) |
| Commissives (Searle) | Commits the speaker to some future action (promising, threatening, offering) |
| Expressives (Searle) | Expresses a psychological state (thanking, apologizing, welcoming, congratulating) |
| Declarations (Searle) | Effect changes in institutional states of affairs (excommunicating, christening, marrying, hiring/firing an employee) — felicity conditions must apply |
| Direct speech act | Involves a direct act between the sentence form and the intended meaning of the utterance |
| Indirect speech act | When the sentence form does not match the meaning of the utterance |
| Positive face | Represents an individual's desire to seem worthy and deserving of approval |
| Negative face | Represents an individual's desire to be autonomous, unimpeded by others |
Created by:
mghallstrom
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