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Ana Usma. Study Guid
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do people settle in a particular location? (3 factors) | Climate - weather conditions in an area Natural Resources Water food |
| Why is water so important to the settlement of a particular place? (5 reasons) | Drink Bathe/wash Source of food Irrigate (water) crops Transportation (leads to trade) |
| How did the Nile River influence the growth of trade in Egypt? | The Nile River allowed Egyptians to have more crops than they needed for themselves, a surplus. |
| 3 Seasons in Egypt (English “names”, brief description, & what peasants do during each season) | AKHET: Flooding Season: worked on projects 4 gov’t PERET: Planting Season: Planted and tended to crops SHEMU: Harvest Season: tended to crops and cut down at end to sell |
| Amun Ra/Re | God of creation: created the universe King of the gods Shown as a bird with a sun on his head |
| What is the story involving Osiris, Set/Seth, Isis and Horus? | The god Osiris was murdered by his brother, Seth/siri’s wife Isiris restored with her husband Osiris and had a baby called Horus |
| Anubis | Anubis, considered a protector of the dead, weighs their hearts or souls against the feather of truth and justice (Ma’at). |
| Early Dynastic Period | 8A Early Dynastic Period Began when King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt around Capital city was Memphis . Invention of Egyptian calendar and hieroglyphics mark advancements in timekeeping and writing |
| Old Kingdom & Khufu's legacy | “Age of Pyramids”: 2nd of 5 Pharaoh Khufu constructed the Great Pyramid near Giza . It is the last of the 7 ancient wonders of the world still standing. Period ended as the Egyptian government lost power and a period of chaos and famine spread. |
| Middle Kingdom & Senusret I’s legacy | Capital was reestablished in Thebes as Egyptian Empire had spread south. Under Pharaoh Senusret I art, literature, architecture, and education flourished. Period ended because the Hyksos conquered Egypt with new technology |
| New Kingdom | Egyptians adopted new technology and defeated the Hyksos and took back power. |
| Late Dynastic Period | Period of many foreign invaders- Kushites, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, and eventually the Romans. This Hellenistic age ended with Cleopatra . After the death of Cleopatra, Egypt became a Roman province |
| Hieroglyphics | Hieroglyphics: Ancient Egyptian writing that used pictures to express letters, sounds, and complete words. Decoded by Jean Francois Champollion using the Rosetta Stone. One of the first written languages w/ over 700 characters. |
| Mummification Process & basic beliefs | Mummification Process - The purpose was to preserve the (Ka) body so the (Ba) spirit recognizes the body in the afterlife. Remove the brain through the nose Take out organs (except the heart). Place |
| Valley of the Kings | Cemetery for New Kingdom Pharaohs on the west side of the Nile River. Tombs were dug into the cliff sides here because the pyramids of earlier dynasties were all being robbed |
| Monotheism | The belief in one God, like the ancient Hebrews. Religions that believe there is only one God are called monotheistic. |
| Polytheism | The belief in more than one God, like the ancient Mesopotamians and Egyptians. |
| 7 characteristics of a civilization found within Egyptian society. | S: Stable Food Suply W: Writing A: Arts G: Government S: Social Structure T: Technology R: Religion |
| The Rosetta Stone | Rosetta Stone: Ancient Egyptian tablet found by the French Army, Same message written in 3 languages. Allowed Jean Francois Champollion to translate hieroglyphics, an ancient language not understood for 1.500 years. |
| Cleopatra VII’s Legacy | Last pharaoh of Egypt & of the ptolemaic Dynasty from Macedon (Alex The Great) Formed alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony to prevent Rome from taking over Egypt SHE and Mark Antony lose war with Octavian (Augustus Caesar) & Rome takes over |
| Hatshepsut | One of the first female pharaohs, made Egypt $$$ by promoting trade, especially with Punt |
| Akhenaten | Tried to make Egypt monotheistic , and only worshiped the Aten |
| King Tut | “The boy king” who brought back polytheism, and whose tomb was found relatively undisturbed. His true importance came thousands of years later when Howard Carter discovered his tomb, the only RELATIVELY undisturbed tomb found to date. |
| Ramses II (The Great) | Military leader who fought off Hittites from the North and also constructed many temples. |
| King Menes/Narmer | 8B King Menes/Narmer Was the first pharaoh ever United Upper and Lower Egypt when he conquered Lower Egypt. Built his capital city where Upper and Lower Egypt met, in Memphis. |
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ausmagaleano28
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