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Unit 4
US History vocab and important people
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Containment | Foreign policy adopted by the Harry Truman administration in 1947, operating on the principle that communist governments will eventually fall apart as long as they are prevented from expanding their influence |
Massive Retaliation | A military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to strike back in much greater force in the event of an attack. |
Cold War | The state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the US-led Western powers from 1945 to 1990. |
Brinksmanship | The ability to get to the verge of a war without getting into the war. During the Cold War, this was used as a policy by the United States to force the Soviet Union into backing down militarily from war. |
Land Reform | The division of agricultural land and its reallocation to landless people. |
Arms Race | A competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons. |
Limited War | A war in which the weapons used, the nations or territory involved are restricted in some way, the use of nuclear weapons is avoided. |
Demobilization | To disband (an army, a country’s unneeded soldiers when a war ends, etc.). |
Military-Industrial Complex | The government policies and tax- money relationships which exist between US Congress, national armed forces, and the weapon companies that supports them. |
Discretionary Income | The amount of an individual's earnings that is left for spending after taxes and personal necessities have been paid. |
Conglomerate | Is a corporation that is made up of a number of different, seemingly unrelated businesses. In a conglomerate, one company owns a controlling stake in a number of smaller companies. |
Suburbia | Areas of homes built away from the city, but easily within driving distance for commuting to work. |
Baby Boom | A temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II. |
Culture of Poverty | The poor – largely ignored – members of a generally well off American society. |
Termination Policy | US government policy in 1950s to end the Native American reservation system and force Native Americans into mainstream America. |
Closed Shop | A place of work where membership in a union is a condition for being hired and for working. |
Right-to-Work Law | A law in some US states that makes forced union membership illegal. |
Counterculture | A way of life and set of attitudes opposed the prevailing social norms. |
Domino Theory | The idea that if one key nation in a region fell to control of communists, others would follow one knocking over another |
Civil Rights | The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. |
Vigilante | A self-appointed group of citizens who undertake law enforcement in their community without legal authority. |
Blacklisting | Strong actions by employers to deny employment to someone suspected of unacceptable opinions or behavior.(Communist or Union member) |
Pacification Program | A policy in which entire Vietnam villages were uprooted and moved into refugee camps to stop them from supporting the Viet Cong. |
Segregation | The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment. |
Nonviolent Resistance | The act of peacefully demonstrating for a change in the laws without fighting the authorities. |
A Philip Randolph | Father of the Civil Rights Movement during WW 2 |
Joseph Stalin | Brutal dictator of Soviet Union from 1920s into Cold War. |
General Rommel | Germany’s best tank commander and battle strategist |
President Harry Truman | Takes over presidency when FDR died during WW 2, leads US into Cold War |
Mao Tse-tung | Communist leader of China that takes power after WW 2 |
Martin Luther King | Founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and led the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s |
Ho chi minh | Communist leader of North Vietnam during the Vietnam War |
General Douglas MacArthur | U.S. general |
General William Westmoreland | Commander of the U.S. Military Assistance Command in Vietnam (MACV) |