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Period 2 (Part 2)
Period 2 SHEs focused on the regions of the British colonies
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jamestown | The first settlement founded in Virginia was named Jamestown in honor of Elizabeth's successor, James I. The colony, founded in 1607, was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. |
| Powhatan | Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia |
| Tobacco | Virginia began the successful cultivation of tobacco. The first shipments were sent to England in 1617. With its addictive properties, tobacco soon became extremely popular in Europe and hugely profitable for the Chesapeake Bay region |
| Head-right | A land grant system that gave land to investors who paid for immigrants to move to Colonial America. It was created by the Virginia Company |
| Indentured Servitude | Passage paid for poor young men and women to come to colonies; in return, they worked for the person who paid their passage for a set number of years, usually 5-7 years, after which they gained their freedom |
| Slavery | The first enslaved Africans were brought to Virginia in 1619. Slavery developed gradually; it was only later in the century that it began to grow dramatically. |
| Puritanism | During the protestant Reformation of the first half of the sixteenth century. Martin Luther and John Calvin both broke with the Catholic Church for theological reasons. Both argued that the Catholic Church had strayed from its spiritual mission. |
| Calvinism | The Puritans took their inspiration from Calvinism. Calvinist doctrine taught that individual salvation was subject to a divine plan, rather than to the actions of individuals. |
| Pilgrims | A group of separatists, known as the “Pilgrims,” fled England in 1608 to find a more hospitable religious climate. |
| Mayflower | Slightly over a hundred separatists set sail on the Mayflower in 1620, arriving on Cape Cod. They quickly realized that they were well north of their targeted area, and did not have legal authority to settle. |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620, prior to its landing at Plymouth, Massachusetts. It was the first framework of government written and enacted in the territory that is now the United States of America. |
| Massachusetts Bay Company | Joint-stock company chartered by Charles I in 1629. Its purpose was trade and colonization of the land between the Charles and Merrimack rivers in North America. |
| Salem Witch Trials | A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693 |
| Quakerism | Quakerism provided the guiding set of beliefs in the founding of Pennsylvania. Quakerism developed in the religious ferment of seventeenth-century England. Its approach to religion, and indeed to life, was radically non-hierarchical. |
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