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Unit 3
US History vocab and important people
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stock | The capital raised by a business or corporation through the issue and subscription of shares |
| Speculation | Investment in stocks, property, or other ventures in the hope of gain but with the risk of loss |
| Margin | Deposit an amount of money with a broker as security for (an account or transaction). Buy stocks with money borrowed against the stocks going up |
| Depression | A long and severe recession in an economy or market |
| Unemployment | Occurs when a person who is actively searching for a job is unable to find work |
| Foreclosure | The process of taking possession of a mortgaged property as a result of the mortgagor's failure to keep up the mortgage payments |
| Penny Auction | A collective effort by a farmer's neighbors to help keep the farm after it has been foreclosed |
| Reparation | The compensation for war damage paid by a defeated state |
| Status symbol | A possession that is taken to indicate a person's wealth or high school position |
| Moratorium | A legal authorization to debtors to postpone payment. - Done by the government |
| Dole | Benefit paid by the government to the unemployed |
| Subsidy | A sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive |
| Demagogue | A political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument. |
| Discrimination | The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. |
| Federal Regulations | The general and permanent rules (sometimes called administrative laws) by the executive departments and agencies of the national government of the United States. (Child Labor / food and drug) |
| Fascism | A political system headed by a dictator in which the government controls business and labor and opposition is not permitted, started in Italy and adopted by Nazi Germany. Brings in Rich and Nobles, focuses on Militarism. |
| Totalitarianism | relating to a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state; Fascism, Communism, Nazi |
| Appeasement | A political policy of conceding to aggression by a warlike nation |
| Interventionism | Governmental interference in economic affairs at home or in political affairs of another country. (New name for Sphere of Influence) |
| Isolationism | A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries |
| Unconditional Surrender | To yield or give up in a war with no guarantees of how the victor will treated the defeated |
| Deficit Spending | When a government's expenditures exceed its revenues, and forces the government to borrow to make its payments |
| Holocaust | The killing of millions of Jews and other people by the Nazis during WW2 |
| Gross National Product | The total value of goods created and services provided by a country during one year |
| Inflation | A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money |
| President Hoover | Republican president during the Great Depression that worsened the situation by wanting states and communities to fix the problem instead of having the federal government take on the problem |
| President Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Democrat president during Great Depression who began to fix it with the "New Deal" and president during most of WW2 |
| William Woodin | FDR's secretary of treasure, fixed the banking crisis during the Great Depression |
| Father Charles E. Coughlin | Demagogue catholic radio priest that attacks FDR for not removing all Jews from the banking system, Anti-Semite |
| Huey P. Long | Governor of Louisiana, running for president promising to take all money away over $5 million and give it back to the poor. Assassinated. |
| Benito Mussolini | Created the Fascist Party in Italy; took over a dictator. |
| Adolf Hitler | Starts the Nazi Party in Germany; takes over as a Totalitarian dictator; starts the Holocaust. |
| General Francisco Franco | Spanish Fascist; takes over Spanish government with military during Spanish Civil War. |
| Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain | Prime Minister of England before WW2; tries to keep England out of WW2 by appeasing Germans |
| Prime Minister Winston Churchill | England's Prime Minister during WW2; states England will never surrender to Germany |
| General Tojo | Military dictator of Japan during WW2 |
| Admiral Yamamoto | In charge of the Japanese Navy; plans the Pearl Harbor attack |
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