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Exam 3 - HIST 142
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| brown vs. board of education | overturns pleasy vs. furgenson; claims segregation is acceptable; claims it is having a psychological impact on children; doll study |
| emmett till | 14 years old; visits family in 1955; cousins go to grocery store; "whistled at white girl"; her family and husband cease him in the night - brutally torture and murder him and dump his body in the river; body was barely recognizable once found |
| montgomery bus boycott | boycott city bus transportation; wanted to do this until fully integrated; walked MILES in bad weather; some white women support movement; success in 1955-1956 |
| little rock central high | Arkansas; movement to integrate the HS; 9 black teens: had to use national guard to protect these students |
| freedom riders | sit in on the busses; riding city to city to defend integration; brutally beaten to the point of death; fed. gov. gets involved; FBI helps klan instead of the protestors |
| freedom summer | college students - southern states; help people register to vote; poll taxes and literacy tests; students try to memorize answers and share them with others |
| bull connor | head of police in Burmingham, AL; famous because he made the news over reaction to protestors; brought out police dog; water hydrant water be sprayed on them; made national news |
| COINTELPRO | counter intelligence program; fbi program managing activities of civil rights protest; keeping tabs on people; people labeled as dangerous; looking for info to undermine the movement |
| civil rights act | 1964; passed in JFK honor; prohibits discrimination on basis of race, religion, national origin, and sex; pivotal -used in court system to defend discrimination; gives leverage |
| voting rights acts | 1965; targets on practice that is discrimination; discrimination against voting is illegal; elections are now being monitored |
| betty friedan | beginning of movement; journalist; gave up her job to be a stay at home mom; wrote a book about her story |
| miss america pageant | similar to today; protest m.a.p. represents unrealistic beauty standards; did it in a humorous manner; objectifies women; movement is problematic |
| gloria steinmen | co-founds magazine; defies stereotypes; brings awareness to things women face (domestic abuse) |
| educational opportunities | open fields to women; women's history becomes a field itself |
| billie jean king | equal access to athletics at public universities; professional tennis player; argue for incorporation of women; wins "battle of sexes" tennis match |
| roe vs. wade | 1973; "jane roe" = fake name; pregnant with 3rd child; supreme court roles in favor of her; argument (14th amendment - right to privacy); abortion made legal |
| equal rights amendment | guarantees equality of rights; cannot discriminate on basis of sex; official constitutional amendment; falls one state short of ratification |
| phyllis schlafly | fought against the ERA; "stop ERA"; wanted to stop/opposed the ratification of the ERA |
| ho chi minh | leader of vietnamese nationalist movement; wanted vietnam to be own country; french return and recolonize; fighting goes on for decades; us supports french, SU supports HCM; country split into 2 (top communist, bottom democracy) |
| ngo dinh diem | us supports him; politically controversial (kills people); us still sticks with him; eventually gets assassinated |
| vietcong | military force; supportive of communist government; US enemy; used "killing opponents" as arguments against Diem |
| gulf of tonkin revolution | vietcong and us military; us ship patrolling "reasons of national security"; August of 1964; VC fires torpedo at US ship; explodes in water nearby; seen as an act of war against US; amendment updated - prez can take ALL necessary measures |
| tet of offensive | January 1968; tet-lunar new year; normally, breaks in fighting over new year, but this year Vietcong attacks americans; americans feel misled; hurts US moral |
| my lai massacre | us public did not find out about it for over a year - hidden by us government; soldiers snapped psychologically; killed mostly women/children; american helicopter saw what was happening and stopped them; 400-500 killed |
| tvs | first time americans saw combat footage |
| students for a democratic society (SDS) | part of anti-war movement; embrace social justice; non-violent; concerned about war; protest against agent orange/napalm; normally protest on college campuses |
| kent state | OU; SDS protests; protesting drafts; national guard brought in - shoots into crowds of students; kills some students; reason for fire - "throwing rocks at students" |
| agent orange | long term impacts (birth); US sprayed this on jungle grass in Vietnam; known cancer chemicals; eventually poisons vietnamese |
| napalm | sticky subsistence spread by a bomb; catches things on fire |
| rust belt | more large companies are moving production overseas; factory jobs lost by Americans; outsourcing*: cheaper wages and less benefits; "rusty assembly lines" |
| counter culture | stereotype - "not as hardworking as WW2 veterans"; blamed on younger generations; ideals - opposed war, reject consumerism, believes they were lied to; "hippies"; known for doing drugs and dressing similarly |
| southern strategy | move by new right to recruit new left to switch parties; appeal to southern voters; new right = hard workers with traditional values |
| silent majority | "your voices have been ignored"; loudest voices are actually the minority |
| watergate | Nixon's presidency; leaked documents to TIMES about vietnam war; Nixon hired 'white house plumbers' to figure out leak; paid with campaign funds (illegal); occurred 1972 - democratic main office broken into @ watergate hotel |
| bob woodward & carl bernstein | journalists; someone told them that they knew the details of watergate; could be traced back to Nixon; times editor was nervous to publish this |
| mark felt | guy giving information to woodward and bernstein; revealed himself in 2005; 2nd in charge of FBI - was angry at Nixon for hiring someone (Patrick Gray) over him as next head director |
| general ford | appointed as vice president by Nixon; became president when Nixon resigned (was never elected and became president); a month into presidency, he gives Nixon a full pardon for his participation in watergate |
| iran hostage crisis | under Jimmy Carter; 1979 - former leader of Iran that has cancer; asks to be admitted to US for treatment; many were protesting, but hes admitted; ss enter embassy and hold 66 americans hostage; failed mission to rescue them |
| trickle-down economics | government intervention in economy; tax cuts to corporations; eventually money will go to working class; corporations instead pocket the proceeds |
| welfare queen | derogatory term used to refer to women who misuse/collect excessive welfare payments through fraud/manipulation |
| war on drugs | declared in 1982; teaching children about drugs; way to save country morality is through drug usage; longer/harsher prison sentencing for drug offenses |
| strategic defense initiative | reagan "redeem US in the eyes of the world"; spent 1.2 trillion; wanted to defeat evil through arms race; spent 20 billion, missile system preventing attacks from other countries; nuclear powered lasers in space; gets abandoned (does not work) |
| afghanistan | 1970s SU invaded afghanistan; send money and supplies to fight SU; give support and nuclear technologies to pakistan (who then sells to North Korea and the taliban takes over) |
| iran-contra affair | takes place in nicaragua; US has to support contras due to truman doctrine; later learns contra was killing people so law is passed against support; violates embargo to sell w/iran and route to contras; gains national media attention |
| berlin wall | soviets built this to separate city; US wanted to tear it down to end the cold war; SU follows through; SU dissolves into the surrounding countries 2 years later |
| genocide | the destruction of nations, races, and religious groups; often are one sided with the intent to kill; defined/created after WW2 by Raphael Lemkin (jewish lawyer who escaped Holocaust) |
| united nations genocide convention | Lemkin helps form in 1948; created to stop/prevent genocides; US does not sign for over 40 years - worried A. Americans would be included in this minority; Reagan encourages US to sign |
| rwanda | genocide; battle of ethnic groups; Hutus want to prove superiority over Tutsi; propaganda dehumanizes Tutsi; Hutus kill over 800,00 Tutsi in 100 days; no country intervenes |
| rodney king | 1991; pulled over by LA police; brutally beaten for 15 min by 12 officers; videographer captures it; all white jury equites all charges against officers - sparks protests; fed. court steps in and 2 officers are convicted |
| BLM movement | 2013; trayvon martin @ 17 years old; killed by george zimmerman; George calls 911 on trayvon, follows, and then shoots him; found not guilty; 'stand your ground' law - self-defense; begins BLM movement; no official leader |
| Iraq war | Suddam Hussien - problematic; killed citizens w/gas; violated numerous international laws; invades Kuwait for oil; US joins fighting and declares eventual victory |
| 9/11 | first time attack occurs on US soil; al qaeda - wanted to attack US corporations; more people die on 9/11 than at pearl harbor; Bush is angered; |
| war in afghanistan, israel, & pakistan | 02-11; issues with guantanamo bay (captured people from various countries and took them here to torture them); remained in afghanistan through 2021; 6.4 trillion were spent on the war on terror |
Created by:
ewilkinson
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