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SOC 105
Ch. 17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| National Security | the ways nations organize to protect borders, guard their national interests, and shield their citizens and businesses abroad with armies, military bases, intelligence networks, embassies, and consultants |
| Who is responsible for national security in the U.S.? | the president and cabinet members who run the departments of state, justice, defense, and homeland security |
| Defense budget | government's spending plan for maintaining and upgrading their military defenses of the U.S. |
| 3 factors leading to the shift of more recruiting in the U.S. military | economic downturn and rising joblessness led more youths to enlist, enticement of signing bonus, military recruiters are given information regarding each potential recruit |
| 4 reasons why the U.S. outspends all nations on national security | fear of nuclearweapons, world is unsafe w/ terrorism&aggression that must be confronted, defense expenditures bring profits to corporations, createjobs, & generate economicgrowth, & assumption that a costlymilitary means that no one will challenge us |
| Weapons of mass destruction | nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons capable of large-scale death and obstruction |
| Terrorism | any act intended to cause death or serious injury to civilians or noncombatants to intimidate a population and weaken their will or draw attention to the perpetrator's cause |
| What has encouraged some individuals to become part of extremist groups? | extreme actions by the government |
| Why is there an increase in terrorism? | increased globalization |
| Bush Doctrine | policy guiding U.S. military actions in the "war on terror" and the long range plan for national security in the 21st century |
| Strategic principles that guide U.S. military actions in the war on terror | the line in the sand (you are with the U.S. or with the terrorists), military superiority, unilateral preventative war and regime change |
| Preventative war | war in response to a presumed future threat |
| Preemptive war | war in response to a direct, immediate, or specific threat |
| One percent solution | doesn't require an imminent threat for U.S. to swing into full offensive military force |
| Consequences/legacy of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan | U.S. efforts to free Iraq from the tyrannical lead was unsuccessful, destruction of the countries' infrastructures, middle east resentment against U.S., indirect attack on Muslims, Geneva conventions |
| Geneva conventions | international agreements on the humane treatment of combatants and civilians during war, including basic rights of wartime prisoners |
| Military Commissions Act | term "enemy combatant" up to presidential discretion, removes habeus corpus rights of noncitizens, permits aggressive interrogations of secret prisons, and suspension of normal rules of evidence and due process |
| Habeas corpus | basic human right in western world that prevents police or government from arresting and holding someone without cause (eventually declared unconsititutional) |
| USA PATRIOT Act | expanded ability of law enforcement secret searches and phone and internet surveillance and records, expanded legal def. of terrorism subjecting ordinary political and religious organizations to investigation without evidence |
| Proponents of the USA PATRIOT Act argue... | that the dangers are serious and these and other security measures help make the nation more secure and capable of identifying terrorists |
| Critics of the USA PATRIOT Act argue... | these measures go too far in expanding government ability to intrude on citizens' lives, thereby weakening individual rights |
| Military personnel numbers are kept at a minimum in the 21st century in 2 ways: | extend the combat tours of military personnel, and give them multiple combat tours, and privatize military functions |
| Cold War | tension and arms race between U.S. and the Soviet Union from WWII |
Created by:
kkade
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