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unit 5 history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| congress | has the power to create inferior courts |
| concurrent jurisdiction | authority for both state and federal courts to hear and decide cases |
| Plaintiff | a person who brings a case against another in a court of law. |
| District courts | the lowest federal courts; federal trials can be held only here |
| Writs of certiorari | formal requests by the U.S. Supreme Court to call up the lower court case it decides to hear on appeal |
| Dissenting opinion | A statement written by a justice who disagrees with the majority opinion, presenting his or her opinion |
| Redress | may be secured in the Court of Federal Claims |
| 1st Amendment | Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition |
| Civil liberties | Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens |
| Aliens | immigrants living in the country who were not citizens |
| 14th Amendment | Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws |
| Establishment clause | Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion. |
| Picketing | The gathering of striking workers at a business site as a sign of protest |
| Symbolic speech | nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. The Supreme Court has accorded some symbolic speech protection under the first amendment. |
| Substantive due process | Constitutional requirement that governments act reasonably and that the substance of the laws themselves be fair and reasonable; limits what a government may do. |
| Search warrant | A court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspect's home or business and take specific items as evidence |
| Exclusionary rule | A rule that provides that otherwise admissible evidence cannot be used in a criminal trial if it was the result of illegal police conduct |
| Grand jury | A group of citizens that decides whether there is sufficient evidence to accuse someone of a crime. |
| Double jeopardy | Trial or punishment for the same crime by the same government; forbidden by the Constitution. |
| Treason | the crime of betraying one's country |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal |
| Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education. |
| Affirmative action | A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities |
| Citizen | A person with certain rights and responsibilities in his or her country or community |
| Jus soli | the law of soil, which determines citizenship based on where a person is born |
| Naturalization | the legal process by which citizens of one country become citizens of another |
Created by:
rbearden
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