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Unit 1
US History vocab and important people
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Transcontinental | (Especially of a railroad line) crossing one of the seven great land masses |
| Homestead | A house, especially a farmhouse, and outbuildings on free land from government |
| Reservation | An area of land set aside for occupation by North American Indians or Australian Aborigines |
| Nativism | The policy of protecting the interests of those born citizens or established inhabitants against those of immigrants |
| Industrialism | A social or economic system built on manufacturing and factories |
| National Market | For goods and services operating within the borders of and governed by the regulations of a particular country |
| Horizontal Integration | The merger of competing companies in an industry in order to dominate the market. - The goal is a Monopoly. |
| Vertical Integration | The effort by a company to control all aspects of production in an industry. |
| Monopoly | The exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service |
| Cartel/Trust | An association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level |
| Social Darwinism | Theories which claim to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics during the Gilded Age |
| Labor Union | An organization association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights |
| Tenement | A run-down and often overcrowded apartment house, especially in a poor section of a large city |
| Suburb | An outlying district of a city, especially a residential one |
| Urbanization | The process by which grow or by which societies become less rural |
| Immigrant | A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country |
| Political Machine | An authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses, who receive rewards for their efforts |
| Progressive | A person advocating or implementing social reform or new, liberal ideas |
| Muckrakers | One who inquires into and publishes scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders |
| Direct Primary | An election in which voters choose candidates to run on a party's ticket in a subsequent election for public office |
| Recall | A procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before his or her term has ended. |
| Resource Management | The scientific management of the nation's natural resources |
| Socialism | A way of organizing a society in which major industries |
| Capitalism | A country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. |
| Melting Pot | A place (such as a city or country) where different types of people live together and gradually create one community |
| Thomas Edison | First functional light bulb, 2000 other patents, founder of General Electric |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Given the patent for the first telephone, founded Bell Telephone |
| Henry Ford | Invented first mass marketable cars, made major improvements to the factory and assembly line - conveyor belts |
| Orville and Wilbur Wright | First functional airplane and owners of one of the first airplane companies |
| John D. Rockefeller | Built Standard Oil Company - used Horizontal Integration to create massive monopoly |
| Andrew Carnegie | Built U.S. Steel Corporation - used Vertical Integration to make it the richest steel company in the world |
| Mary Harris Jones | Mother Jones, labor leader for 50 years (United Coal Miners) "Most dangerous woman in America" |
| Samuel Gompers | Formed the AFL; a union for skilled labor |
| Upton Sinclair | Muckraker, fought for immigrants and food and drug health laws |
| Ida Tarbell | Muckraker, took on Standard Oil in articles and books |
| Woodrow Wilson | 3rd Progressive President, added to Roosevelt's policies, in the office during WW1 |
| Booker T. Washington | African American progressive, started Tuskegee Institute, wanted to earn equality through hard work |
| WEB DuBois | African American progressive, believed in fighting for equality by demanding the right to vote |
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