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AP HUG Chapter 10

STUDY

QuestionAnswer
Adolescent Fertility Rate The number of births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19
Cooperative Store a member owned, member governed business that operates for the benefit of its members according to a common principles agreed upon by the international cooperative community.
Developed Country (more developed country [MDC] or relatively developed country) A country that has progressed relatively far over along the continuum of development
Developing Country (less developed country [LDC]) A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development
Development A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology
Fair Trade An alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union
Female Labor Force Participation Rate The percentage of women holding full-time jobs outside the home
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country
Gender Related Development Index (GDI) an indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the gender gap in the level of achievement in terms of income, education, and life expectancy
Gender Inequality Index (GII) A measure of the extent of each country’s gender inequality
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year)
Gross National Income (GNI) The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters a country
Human Development Index (HDI) An indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, that is based on income, education, and life expectancy
Inequality-Adjusted HDI (IHDI) Modification of the HDI to account for inequality in a country
Literacy Rate The percentage of a people in a country who can read and write
Maternal Mortality Rate The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births
Microfinance Provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries
Millennium Development Goals Eight international development goals that all members of the United Nations have agreed to achieve by 2015
Primary Sector The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from the Earth’s surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry
Productivity The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it
Pupil/Teacher Ratio the number of enrolled students divided by the number of teachers
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country; PPP adjusts income figures to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods
Secondary Sector The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials
Structural Adjustment Program Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling, inflation, and selling publicly owned utilities.
Sustainable Development Goals seventeen goals adopted by the U.N. in 2015 to reduce disparities between developed and developing countries by 2030
Tertiary Sector The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people, in exchange for payment
Value Added The gross value of a product minus the cost of raw materials and energy
Popular AP Human Geography sets

 

 



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