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Aphg Unit 1 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| spatial approach | The way of identifying, explaining, and predicting the human and physical patterns and the connections of various locations. |
| physical geography | the branch of geography dealing with natural features and processes |
| human geography | The study of where and why human activities are located where they are |
| absolute location | Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates |
| latitude | the distance in degrees north or south of the equator |
| equator | the imaginary center line of latitude that divides the northern and southern hemispheres. |
| longitude | Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees |
| prime meridian | 0 degrees longitude - passes through Greenwich, England |
| International Date Line | the line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian |
| Relative Location | the regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places |
| connectivity | the degree of linkage between locations from one another |
| accessibility | the relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place |
| ghost towns | empty, deserted towns left after gold miners had moved on |
| place | A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character. |
| region | An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features. |
| site | The physical character of a place |
| situation | the location of a place relative to other places |
| sense of place | The relationship with places expressed in different dimensions of human life, how humans perceive a place. |
| toponyms | name given to a portion of Earth's surface |
| distance | The length of a path between two points |
| proximity | nearness in space, time, or relationship |
| time-space compression | term for the reduction in time it takes for something to diffuse to a distance place |
| spatial interaction | movement of people, goods, info, etc between different places |
| friction of distance | the increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance |
| distance-decay | contact diminishing with increasing distance and eventually disappear. |
| spatial association | the reason why two things are placed where they are |
| density | The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area |
| distribution | The arrangement of something across Earth's surface. |
| human-environment interaction | The geographic theme that explores how people use, adapt to, and modify the environment |
| cultural ecology | the geographic study of human-environment relationships |
| environmental determinism | the idea that human behavior is controlled by the physical environment |
| environmental possibilism | the idea that some environments offer specific constraints/ opportunities |
| landscape analysis | The process of describing and interpreting the landscape ecology of an area. |
| field observation | a study of a phenomenon in a natural setting |
| spatial data | refer to the digital representation of space |
| aerial photography | Taking images of the earth from elevated positions as a means of gathering geographic data |
| built environment | man-made or constructed parts of a landscape or area |
| cultural landscape | the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape |
| patterns | recurring characteristics or events |
| processes | the repeated sequences of events |
| scale | the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole THREE types: cartographic, geographic, scale of data |
| cartographic scale | the way the map communicates the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents |
| geographic scale | amount of territory that a map represents IE global scale is whole earth, local scale is small region |
| relative scale | A scale relative to something else, like a ratio. |
| scale of data | scale of map doesn't HAVE to change, but the level of detail in the data would |
| reference maps | show locations of places and geographic features |
| absolute locations | Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates |
| political map | A map showing units such as countries, states, provinces, districts, etc. |
| physical map | - A map that shows mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. |
| road map | Shows mainly roads, but also major highways, airports, and local points of interest |
| plat map | detailed map illustrating the geographic boundaries of individual lots |
| locator map | section of a map that shows a larger area than the main map |
| thematic map | A map that shows a particular theme, a map that shows specialized information |
| choropleth map | A map that uses differences in shading or coloring to indicate statistical ranges. |
| dot distribution map | each dot represents an identical unit and conveys data by amount present |
| graduated symbol map | Contain symbols varying in size to show relative quantitative values |
| isoline map | map line that connects points of equal or very similar values |
| topographic map | A map that shows the surface features of an area. |
| cartogram | a type of map used to present statistical info - stretch |
| map projection | a way of representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface |
| Mercator map projection | accurately shows shape and direction, but distorts distance and size of land masses; used for navigation across and ocean |
| Gall-Peters Projection | equal area projection that distorts the shape of land masses (looks stretched out) |
| conic projection | map made by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a cone. |
| Robinson projection | The lines of latitude and longitude almost intersect at right angles except near edges. Useful projection for display of oceans but land masses are distorted. |
| geographic model | A model that represents earths features. |
| spatial model | stylized map, illustrate theories about spacial distributions |
| nonspatial model | illustrate theories using words, graphs, and tables; often depict change over time |
| regionalization | The process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions. |
| formal region (AKA uniform or homogenous) | a group of places that have similar attributes, for example, a political region |
| functional (or nodal) region | Consists of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it |
| perceptual (or vernacular) region | a region defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data. |
| mental map | A map which represents the perceptions and knowledge a person has of an area |
| subregion | A smaller division of a geographic region. |
| fieldwork | on-location research |
| quantitative data | Information obtained by counting or measuring |
| qualitative data | Information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic |
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