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Unit 12 Vocab
Civil War & Reconstruction Unit 12 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Election of 1860 | The election that led the southern states to leave the Union and form the Confederacy |
Fort Sumter | The first shots of the Civil War were fired here |
Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederate States of America |
Border States | Slave States that remained in the Union during the Civil War |
Border States | Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware, and eventually West Virginia |
John C. Breckenridge | Southern Democratic candidate in the Election of 1860 |
Stephen Douglas | Northern Democratic candidate in the Election of 1860 |
Abraham Lincoln | Republican candidate and winner of the Election of 1860 |
Abraham Lincoln | Opposed the spread of slavery into the territories |
John Bell | presidential candidate in 1860 for the Constitutional Union Party |
John Bell | Stood for a peaceful compromise to hold the Union together in 1860 |
First Bull Run | First major battle of the Civil War; Southern victory; showed that the war would be long and costly for both sides |
Anaconda Plan | Union strategy for winning the war; blockade the south, divide the confederacy, and capture Richmond, the CS capitol |
Winfield Scott | Union general that was old but he came up with the Anaconda Plan |
Blockade | to prevent a nation from trading or communicating with another nation by sea |
Shiloh | battle in southwestern Tennessee that shocked the country with its heavy casualties |
Antietam | Fought in Maryland, it is the single bloodiest day in American history |
Antientam | Battle that stopped the first Confederate invasion to the North |
Antietam | After this battle, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation |
Gettysburg | Turning point of the Civil War, stopped Lee's second invasion of the North |
Gettysburg | battle that convinced England and France to not ally with the South |
Gettysburg | Confederate Army suffered so many casualties at this battle, they could not invade the North again |
Vicksburg | Capture of this city led to the Union capturing the Mississippi River |
Vicksburg | Battle that officially divided the Confederacy in half |
Vicksburg | Grant won this siege on July 4th, thus officially dividing the confederacy in half |
March to the Sea | The Union Army led by William Sherman waged total was on the people of Georgia to break their will to support the Confederate Army |
William Tecumseh Sherman | Union general that used total warfare to destroy property, livestock, and transportation systems to force the Southern people to surrender |
Appomattox Courthouse | Lee and the Confederate Army officially surrendered to grant and the Union Army at his place on April 9th, 1865 |
David Farragut | Union admiral from Tennessee, responsible for the blockade of the Confederacy |
Nathan Bedford Forrest | Confederate calvary commander that used guerilla warfare on the Union army Mississippi and Tennessee |
Ulysses S. Grant | Union commander that finally defeated Robert E. Lee and won the war |
Ulysses S. Grant | Won the battles of Fort Henry and Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg and Chattanooga for the Union |
Robert E. Lee | Confederate General responsible for the forces defending Richmond |
Robert E. Lee | Won the Seven Days Battle, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville |
Stonewall Jackson | Confederate General that saved the day at First Bull Run and earned a famous nickname |
Emancipation Proclamation | Order issued by Lincoln that officially, freed the slaves in the Confederate states but not the border states |
Emancipation Proclamation | Officially allowed African Americans to enlist and fight in the US army |
Gettysburg Address | brief speech given by Abraham Lincoln that summed up the goals of the war and honored the dead |
54th Massachusetts | the first all-black regiment to fight in the Union army |
Nashville | the 13th-colored troops helped to destroy the Confederate Army in Tennessee at his battle |
Sam Watkins | A soldier from Clarksville that kept a journal about his experiences in the Confederate army |
Elisha Hunt Rhodes | He kept a diary about life as a soldier in the Union army |
Fort Wagner | the 54th Massachusetts showed their bravery and earned the respect of the union army when they charged the fort |
Henry and Donelson | the capture of these two forts helped the Union control the Tennessee River System |
John Wilkes Booth | Southerner that assassinated President Lincoln at Ford's Theatre |
13th Amendment | Officially abolished slavery in the United States of America |
14th Amendment | Defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection under the law for African Americans |
15th Amendment | Gave African-American men the right to vote |
Ten Percent Plan | The name of Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction, it was lenient and made it easier for the southern states to rejoin the Union |
Andrew Johnson | Democrat from Tennessee; he was Lincoln's vice-president and became president after his assassination |
Andrew Johnson | His plan for reconstruction was too lenient, encouraged states to pass black codes; vetoed legislation passed by Congress |
Radical Republicans | Group of Congressmen whose Reconstruction plan was too harsh on the South; they also impeached Andrew Johnson |
Black codes | laws passed by individual states to limit the rights and freedoms of African Americans |
Military Reconstruction Act | Law passed by Congress that divided the southern states into 5 military districts until the ratified the 14th and 15th amendments |
Freedmen's Bureau | Government agency that was created to help newly freedom and poor whites with jobs, medical and education |
Poll Tax | state law that requires citizens to pay a fee before they are able to vote |
Tenure of Office Act | Law passed by Congress and vetoed by Andrew Johnson that said he had to get Congress' permission to fire any member of his cabinet |
Impeachment | to formally charge the president with a crime; a trial is then held in the Senate |
Freedmen | slaves that had been freed by the 13th amendment |
Segregation | the separation of blacks and whites in public places like bathrooms and schools |
Jim Crow Laws | laws passed by the southern states that enforced the segregation of public places |
William Brownlow | Republican governor of Tennessee during reconstruction, he was very on southerners that fought and served with the Confederacy; also owned his own newspaper |
Vigilante | a person that takes justice into their own hands and punishes others without a trial or process |
Carpetbaggers | northerners that moved south to help out with or profit from Reconstruction |
Scalawags | A southerner that were Republicans during the Reconstruction, often targets of violence |
Compromise of 1877 | Agreement that officially ended reconstruction |
Compromise of 1877 | deal made between democrats and republicans in which Rutherford B. Hayes was made president in exchange for union troops being removed from the southern states |
Rutherford B. Hayes | Republican president that officially ended Reconstruction in 1877 |
Reconstruction | Time Period 1865-1877 following the Civil War in which the south was rebuilt politically, economically and socially |