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Unit 12 Vocab
Civil War and Reconstruction Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
election of 1860 | the election that led the southern states to leave the Union and form the Confederacy |
fort sumter | the first shots of the Civil War were fired here |
Jefferson Davis | president of the confederate states of america |
border states | Kentucky Missouri Maryland Delaware and west Virginia |
border states | slave states that remained in the Union during the Civil War |
John C. Breckinridge | southern democratic candidate in election of 1860 |
Abraham Lincoln | republican candidate and winner of the election of 1860 |
Abraham Lincoln | opposed the spread of slavery into the territories |
John Bell | presidential candidate in 1860 for the Constitutional Union Party |
John Bell | stood for peaceful compromise to hold the Union together |
first bull run | 1st major battle of the civil war; southern victory; showed that the war would be long and costly for both sides |
anaconda plan | union strategy for winning the war; blockade the south; divide the confederacy; capture Richmond, CS capital |
Winfield Scott | union general that was old but came up with Anaconda Plan |
Blockade | to prevent a nation from trading or communicating with another nation by sea |
Shiloh | battle in southwestern Tennessee that shocked the country w/ its heavy casualities |
Antietam | in Maryland, single bloodiest day in US history |
Antietam | battle that stopped the first confederate invasion to the north |
antietam | after battle Lincoln issued emancipation proclamation |
gettysburg | turning point in civil war, stopped Lee's second invasion into North |
gettysburg | battle that convinced England and France to not ally w/ the south |
gettysburg | confederate army suffered so many causalities here, they could not invade the North again |
vicksburg | capture of this city led to the Union capturing the Mississippi river |
vicksburg | battle that officially divided the Confederacy in half |
vicksburg | grant won this siege on July 4, thus officially dividing the Confederacy in half |
march to the sea | the union army led by William Sherman waged total war on the people of Georgia to break their will to support the Confederate army |
William Tecumseh Sherman | Union general that used total warfare to destroy property, livestock, and transportation systems to force the South to surrender |
Appomattox courthouse | Lee and the confederate army officially surrendered to Grant and the Union army at his place on April 9, 1865 |
David Farragut | union admiral from Tennessee, responsible for the blockade of the confederacy |
Nathan Bedford Forrest | confederate cavalry commander that used guerrilla warfare on the Union army Mississippi and Tennessee |
Ulysses S. Grant | union commander that finally defeated Robert E Lee and won the war |
Ulysses S. Grant | won the battles at forts Henry and Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga for the Union |
Robert E. Lee | confederate general responsible for the forces defending Richmond |
Robert E. Lee | won the seven days battle, second bull run, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville |
Stonewall Jackson | confederate general that saved the day at first bull run and earned a famous nickname |
emancipation proclamation | order issued by Lincoln that officially freed the slaves in the confederate states but not the border states |
emancipation proclamation | offically allowed African Americans to enlist and fight in the US army |
gettysburg address | brief speech given by Lincoln that summed up the goals of the war and honored the dead |
54th massachusetts | the first all-black regiment to fight in the Union Army |
Nashville | the 13th colored troops helped to destroy the confederate army in tennessee at his battle |
Sam Watkins | a soldier from Clarksville that kept a journal about his experiences in the Confederate army |
Elisha Hunt Rhodes | he kept a diary about life as a soldier in the Union Army |
Fort Wagner | the 54th Massachusetts showed their bravery and earned the respect of the Union army when they charged this fort |
Henry and Donelson | the capture of these two forts helped the Union control the TN river system |
John Wilkes Booth | southerner that assassinated Lincoln at Ford's Theatre |
13th admendment | officially abolished slavery in the USA |
14th admendment | defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection under the law for African Americans |
15th admendment | gave african american men the right to vote |
ten percent plan | the name of Lincoln's plan for renconstruction, it was lenient and made it easy for the southern states to rejoin the Union |
andrew johnson | democrat from Tennessee; he was Lincoln's vice-president and became president after his assassination |
andrew johnson | his plan for renconstruction was too lenient, encouraged states to pass black codes; vetoed legislation passed by Congress |
radical republicans | group of congressmen whose reconstruction plan was too harsh on the south; they also impeached andrew johnson |
black codes | laws passed by individual states to limit the rights and freedoms of African Americans |
military reconstruction act | law passed by congress that divided the southern states into five military districts until they ratified the 14th and 15th amendments |
freedman's bureau | government agency that was created to help newly freedman and poor whites with jobs, medical and education |
poll tax | state law that requires citizens to pay a fee before they were able to vote |
tenure of office act | law passed by congress and vetoed by andrew johnson that said he had to get Congress' permission to fire any member of his cabinet |
impeachment | to formally charge the president with a crime; a trial is then held in the senate |
freedmen | slaves that had been freed by the 13th admendment |
segregation | the separation of blacks and whites in public places like bathrooms and schools |
jim crow laws | laws passed by the southern states that enforced the segregation of public places |
william brownlow | republican governor of TN during reconstruction, he was very hard on southerners that fought and served with the confederacy |
vigilante | a person that takes justice into their own hands and punishes others without a trial or due process |
carpetbaggers | northerners that moved south to help out with or profit from reconstruction |
scalawags | a southerner that were republicans during the reconstruction, often targets of violence |
compromise of 1877 | agreement that officially ended Renconstruction |
compromise of 1877 | deal made between democrats and republicans in which rutherford b hayes was made president in exchange for Union troops being removed from the southern states |
rutherford b hayes | republican president that officially ended renconstruction in 1877 |
reconstruction | time period 1865-1877 following the civil war in which the south was rebuilt politically, economically and socially |