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Unit 12 Vocab
Civil War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| election of 1860 | the election that led the southern states to leave the union and form the confederacy |
| fort sumner | the first shots of the civil war were fired here |
| jefferson davis | president of the confederate states of america |
| border states | slave states that remained the union during the civil war; kentucky, missouri, maryland, delaware, and eventually west virginia |
| john c breckinridge | southern democratic candidate in election of 1860 |
| stephen douglas | northern democratic candidate in the election of 1860 |
| abraham lincoln | republican candidate and winner of election of 1860; opposed the spread of slavery into the territories |
| john bell | presidential candidate in 1860 for the constitutional union party; stood for a peaceful compromise to hold the union together in 1860 |
| first bull run | first major battle of the civil war; southern victory; showed that the war would be long and costly for both sides |
| anaconda plan | union strategy for wining the war; blockade the south, divide the confederacy, and capture Richmond, CS capital |
| winfield scott | union general that was old but he came up with the anaconda plan |
| blockade | to prevent the nation from trading or communicating with another nation by sea |
| shiloh | battle in the southwestern TN that shocked the country with its heavy casualties |
| antietam | fought in maryland, it is the single bloodiest day in american history |
| antietam | battle that stopped the first confederate invasion to the north |
| antietam | after this battle, lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation |
| gettysburg | turning point of the civil war, stopped lee's second invasion to the north |
| gettysburg | battle that convinced england and france to NOT ally with the south |
| gettysburg | confederate army suffered so many casualties at this battle, they could not invade the north again |
| vicksburg | capture of the city led to the union capturing the mississippi river |
| vicksburg | battle that officially divided the confederacy in half |
| vicksburg | brant won this siege on july 4, thus officially diving the confederacy in half |
| march to the sea | the union army led by william sherman waged total war on the people of georgia to break their will to support the confederate army |
| william tecumseh sherman | union general that used total warfare to destroy property, livestock and transportation systems t force the southern people to surrender |
| appomattox courthouse | lee and the confederate army officially surrendered to the grant and the union army |
| david farragut | union admiral from tn, responsible for the blockade of the confederacy |
| nathan beford forrest | confederate cavalry commander that used guerilla on the union |
| ulysses s grant | union commander that finally defeated robert e lee and won the war |
| ulysses s grant | won the battle of forts henry donelson, shiloh, vicksburg, and chattanooga for the union |
| robert e lee | confederate general responsible for the forces defending richmond |
| robert e lee | won the seven days battle, second bull run, fredericksburg, and chancellorsville |
| stonewall jackson | confederate general that saved the day and the first bull run and earned the famous nickname |
| emancipation proclaimation | order issues by lincoln that officially, freed the slaves in the confederate states but not the border states |
| emancipation proclaimation | officially allowed african americans to enlist and fight in the US army |
| gettysburg address | brief speech given by abraham lincoln that summed up the goals of the war and honored the dead |
| 54th massachusetts | the first all black regiment to fight in the union army |
| nashville | the 13th colored troops helped to destroy the confederate army in tennessee at this battle |
| sam watkins | a soldier from clarksville that kept a journal about his experiences in the confederate army |
| elisha hunt rhodes | he kept a diary about life as a soldier in the union army |
| fort wagner | the 54th massachusetts showed their bravery and earned the respect of the union army when they charged this forth |
| forts of harry and donelson | the capture of these two forts helped the union control the tennessee river system |
| john wilkes booth | southerner that assassinated president lincoln at ford's theatre |
| 13th amendment | officially abolished slavery in the usa |
| 14ht amendment | defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection under the law for african americans |
| 15th amendment | gave african american MEN the right to vote |
| ten percent plan | the name of lincoln's plan for reconstruction, it was lenient and made it easy for the southern states to rejoin union |
| andrew johnson | democrat from tennessee; he was Lincoln's vice-president and became president after his assassination |
| andrew johnson | his plan for the reconstruction was too lenient, encouraged states to pass black codes vetoed legislation passed by congress |
| radical republicans | group of congressmen whose reconstruction plan was too harsh on the south; they also impeached Andrew Johnson |
| black codes | laws passed by individual states to limit the rights and freedoms of african americans |
| military reconstruction act | law passed by congress that divided the southern states in five military districts until they ratified the 14th and 15th amendments |
| freedmen's bureau | gov't agency that was created to help newly freedmen and poor whites with jobs, medical and education. |
| poll tax | state law that requires citizens to pay a fee before they were able to vote |
| tenure of office act | law passed by congress and vetoed andrew johnson that said he had to get congress' permission to fire any member of his cabinet |
| impeachment | to formally charge the president with a crime; trial is then held in the senate |
| freedman | slaves that had been freed by the 13th amendment |
| segregation | the separation of the blacks and whites in public places like bathrooms and schools |
| jim crow laws | laws passed but the south states that enforced the segregation of public places |
| william brownlow | republican governor of tn during reconstruction, he was very hard on southerners that fought and served with confederacy ;also owned his own newspaper |
| vigilante | a person that takes justice into their own hands and punishes others without trial or due process |
| carpetbaggers | northerners that moved south to help out with or profit from the reconstruction |
| scalawags | a southern that were republicans during the reconstruction, often targets of violence |
| compromise of 1877 | agreement that officially ended the reconstruction |
| compromise of 1877 | deal made between democrats and republicans in which rutherford b hayes was made president in exchange for union troops being removed from the south states |
| rutherford b hayes | republican president that officially ended the reconstruction in 1877 |
| reconstruction | time period 1865-1877 following the civil war in which the south was rebuilt politically, economically and socially. |
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