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Enlightenment & Rev.

TermDefinition
EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, AND JUDICIAL The three branches of government
NO STRONG CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT Thirteen colonies did not want the government to have control over its' people.
BILL OF RIGHTS The 10 Amendments guaranteed civil rights and individual liberties
GEORGE WASHINGTON Revolutionary war commander in chief. Named chief by the second continental congress
THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION The first American constitution
COPERNICUS Significant figure in the scientific revolution. Proposed the idea of the universe being heliocentric (sun-centered)
ISAAC NEWTON Significant figure in the scientific revolution. Proposed the law of gravitation and law of inertia. Revolutionized science.
FRANCIS BACON Significant figure in the scientific revolution. Created the scientific method.
JOHN LOCKE Believed in tabula rasa (blank mind). Which meant people are molded by what they experience.
VOLTAIRE Fought against religious intolerance as well as mocked the government. He also advocated the principle that punishment should be equal to the crime committed.
JEAN-JACQUE ROUSSEAU Philosopher who created the social contract which said that society agrees to be a part of this contract to live in society, even if they don’t want to, thus being forced to be free.
HANDEL Wrote the Messiah, which traces the story of Jesus Christ
TREATY OF PARIS Favored the English. Forced the French to give up land to the English as well as to the Spanish.
FRANCE One of the most powerful countries in the world at the time. A huge figure in the 7 Years’ War. Lost an abundance of land.
RENE DESCARTES The father of modern rationalism. “I think therefore I am”.
GENERAL WILL Through the social contract people agreed to be governed by the general will of people. It aims toward the common good or common interest of people.
DIDEROT French writer who created the encyclopedia.
HELIOCENTRIC Sun-centered
ELLIPTICAL Egg-shaped
GRAVITY The law of gravitation found by Newton.
KEPLER Destroyed the Ptolemaic system. He developed laws which included that orbits were elliptical.
PHILOSOPHES From the French word meaning, “philosopher”, these people were writers, professors, journalists, economists, and above all, social reformers.
SEPARATION OF POWERS Gave limits to powers for each branch. (Checks and balances). Branches could check and balance each other.
LAISSEZ-FAIRE Meant to let people do what they want. Government should stay out of societies' self-interest.
DEISM A philosophy that stated reason and natural law ran the universe like a clock.
ECONOMICS Adam Smith is considered one of the founders of the modern social science of economics
ROCOCO Style of architecture in which its’ lightness and charm spoke of the pursuit of pleasure, happiness, and love.
MESSIAH Written by Handel. Discusses the story of Jesus Christ. Reinforced the teachings of the messages of hoping the Lord will return and create heaven on Earth.
ENLIGHTENED ABSOLUTISM Best example was Maria Theresa
MARIA THERESA Maria Theresa was the most important ruler of the age of Enlightened Absolutism and one of the most famous Habsburgs
MULATTOES The offspring produced by Africans and Europeans through intermarriage.
THE STAMP ACT The act required that certain printed materials, such as legal documents and newspapers, carry a stamp showing that a tax had been paid to Britain.
FEDERAL SYSTEM New constitution created it. The Federal government was given the power to (levy taxes), (raise an army), (regulate trade) and (create a national currency).
GALILEO Discovered many astronomical discoveries using the telescope.
NEUMANN 1800s architect. Developed the rococo style.
MESTIZOS The offspring produced by Europeans and Native Americans through intermarriage
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WAS WRITTEN BY Thomas Jefferson
FIRST TO DECLARE DIPLOMATIC RECOGNITION OF THE AMERICAN STATE The French
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